Become a fan of Slashdot on Facebook

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
The Internet Politics

Political Polarization Toned Down Through Anonymous Online Chats (arstechnica.com) 293

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Political polarization in the US has become a major issue, as Republicans and Democrats increasingly inhabit separate realities on topics as diverse as election results and infectious diseases. [...] Now, a team of researchers has tested whether social media can potentially help the situation by getting people with opposite political leanings talking to each other about controversial topics. While this significantly reduced polarization, it appeared to be more effective for Republican participants. The researchers zeroed in on two concepts to design their approach. The first is the idea that simply getting people to communicate across the political divide might reduce the sense that at least some of their opponents aren't as extreme as they're often made out to be. The second is that anonymity would allow people to focus on the content of their discussion, rather than worrying about whether what they were saying could be traced back to them.

The researchers realized that they couldn't have any sort of control over conversations on existing social networks. So, they built their own application and hired professionals to do the graphics, support, and moderation. [...] People were randomly assigned to a few conditions. Some didn't use the app at all and were simply asked to write an essay on one of the topics under consideration (immigration or gun control). The rest were asked to converse on the platform about one of these topics. Every participant in these conversations was paired with a member of the opposing political party. Their partners were either unlabeled, labeled as belonging to the opposing party, or labeled as belonging to the same party (although the latter is untrue). Both before and after use of the app, participants answered questions about their view of politicized issues, members of their own party, and political opponents. These were analyzed in terms of issues and social influences, as well as rolled into a single index of polarization for the analysis.

The conversations appeared to have an effect, with polarization lowered by about a quarter of a standard deviation among those who engaged with political opponents that were labeled accordingly. Somewhat surprisingly, conversation partners who were mislabeled had a nearly identical effect, presumably because they suggested that a person's own party contained a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In cases where no party affiliation was given, the depolarization was smaller (0.15 standard deviations). The striking thing is that most of the change came from Republican participants. There, polarization was reduced by 0.4 standard deviations. In contrast, Democratic participants only saw it drop by 0.1 standard deviations -- a change that wasn't statistically significant. The error bars of the two groups of party members overlapped, however, so while large, it's not clear what this difference might tell us. The researchers went back and ran the conversations through sentiment analysis and focused on people whose polarization had dropped the most. They found that their conversation partners used less heated language at the start of the conversation. So it appears that displaying respect for your political opponents can still make a difference, at least in one-on-one conversations. While the conversations had a larger impact on people's views of individual issues, it also influenced their opinion of their political opponents more generally, and the difference between the two effects wasn't statistically significant.
The findings have been published in the journal Nature Human Behavior.
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Political Polarization Toned Down Through Anonymous Online Chats

Comments Filter:
  • Anonymity HELPS? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by mamba-mamba ( 445365 ) on Monday August 21, 2023 @10:36PM (#63786958)
    Anonymity helps? That honestly surprises me quite a bit. I always thought part of the problem is that people being pseudo anonymous made them more bold. Maybe there is something else going on. Maybe people are partly influenced by peer pressure to adopt a particular set of views. If they know their peers can't see what they are saying online, they might be less adamant, and thus leave room for engagement rather than causing their opponent to dig in deeper.
    • by Z80a ( 971949 ) on Monday August 21, 2023 @11:23PM (#63787000)

      I imagine that not knowing the label applied to the person you're talking to removes a lot of the "baggage" associated with it.
      And as people are not robots with a pile of pre-packaged opinions, you end up finding quite a bit of potential common ground that would not be possible normally.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by starworks5 ( 139327 )

      It wasn't the anonymity, it was the "moderation", because they needed to "control" the conversation, to "depolarize" the conservatives.

      I think all they really proved, is if you ban posts you get less of the posts that you don't like.

    • by systemd-anonymousd ( 6652324 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @01:00AM (#63787090)

      It helps because the lack of anonymity combined with the reach of the Internet means that if you step out of line, you risk having your entire life ruined. Why bother doing that "just" for the sake of entertaining a controversial topic or attempting to have a debate? Thus everyone tends to engage in safe kneeling and the expected worship behavior. You kneel in the pew when everyone else does, and you sing the hymns like everyone else.

      The problems with this are of course becoming more and more obvious as we exit our immature and unrestricted social media phase and come to recognize its insidious potential for harm.

    • The most radical comments on here are from Anonymous Cowards. The proof is irrefutable.

    • by Aczlan ( 636310 )

      Part of it may be making the other person anonymous vs a "known" person (ie: user 3443290 leans towards X party and we were sparring 3 weeks ago about Y policy where they were being completely unreasonable, so I will now return the favor).

      Aaron Z

    • It is easier to discuss tough subjects when you remove the chance of someone angry idealist trying to ratio/dox you and ruin your life, So I can see it helping.
    • by Shaitan ( 22585 )

      Well it isn't their identity which is obscured but rather their political affiliation.

    • by Kisai ( 213879 )

      Well yes, but also no.

      Anonymity makes people more likely to be honest about what they believe. But it also makes people into assholes because the absence of moderation tends to make people with narcissist and sociopathic (never mind psychopathic) tendencies want control.

      So in a controlled experiment where sociopath/psychopath's are not trying to get people to hurt or kill each other, I can see how this experiment put level-headed people on any side of the political spectrum into a conversation that doesn't

  • I've been reading slashdot for years and I call bullshit.

  • Basically, they designed it exactly as systems are today and then say gop changed slightly, but within error. Insane that this designed/built this way. Should have allowed anonymous logins, BUT with it traceable to a person. Why do that? Because so many ppl see no responsibility on the net so have no issue with attacking others, as opposed to conversing or only attacking ideas.
    • by skam240 ( 789197 )

      BUT with it traceable to a person.

      What a great way to quash any form of meaningful discourse on anything controversial on the internet. On Slashdot alone I've talked to several people who I am very glad have no realistic way to track me back to my home. Even with the anonymity provided by most internet platforms things like swatting are a thing, we dont need to make such things ridiculously easy for these bad actors.

  • I read the whole summary but not the article, obviously, this being /.

    What does it mean exactly that someone's "polarization was reduced by X"?

    Hunh? So, their word choice analyzers assigned arbitrary numbers to their word choices as they used the app? And once this artificial number was reduced, does that mean they were simply nicer to the other person or they changed their views to more agree with the other person?
    What does it mean that one group changed less than the other?

    It feels like they're trying r

    • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

      Study itself is behind a paywall, but abstract mentions that control group had to write an essay instead of interacting with people, but used the same prompts.

      So I'm guessing the measure is something among the lines of "who moved some of their positions from initial ones, or changed their mind about why opposition thinks the way it does".

      Granted, it's a conjecture. I'd need to read the actual source, and I didn't have my university login for over a decade at this point.

  • My guess is that they didn't scrape from the very bottom of the gene pool barrel when they did the test.
  • You have heard of Propoganda

    Now get ready for Reverse Propoganda
  • Real change (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ukoda ( 537183 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @12:04AM (#63787046) Homepage
    To get real change the USA would need to move from a "First Past the Post" (FPTP) system to some form of proportional representation (PR). FPTP encourages an us vs them mentality that leads to extreme positions on issues with no middle ground. PR gives third parties a voice in governing and often leads to coalition governments. You generally can't form a coalition with extreme partners. As a result positions moderate. It made a huge difference here in New Zealand when we switched from FPTP to MMP, a form of PR, in the 1990's. Gone are the wild swings in policies when governments change between left and right leaning parties in control. The whole us vs them attitude soften and when the party you voted for didn't get in it was just annoying rather that the end of the world resulting in riots.

    Unfortunately the USA has too much invested in the status quo to make such large fundamental changes.

    When visiting the USA you notice the focus on love of the country as a substitute for love of your fellow citizen. If social media could be used to improve things that would be great, but really, I can never see that happen, there is too much money at stake for those that control things.
    • Coalition governments are horrible. Look at what Israel's Knesset is going through right now. You wouldn't want that here.

      • And how exactly is it worse than the status quo?

      • Re:Real change (Score:5, Interesting)

        by ukoda ( 537183 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @03:46AM (#63787258) Homepage
        I suspect bit of that is Israel's choice of PR system and the characteristics of the people there. However have your stopped to think what Israel would be like under FPTP?

        I am lucky to be old enough to remember voting before we switched from FPTP to MMP so I have experience living in both systems with same parties and people. Therefore I know first hand what a difference it can make. To be honest it would be hard to make things worse in the USA. If you look at ratings for the quality of democracies New Zealand rates at #2, the USA at #25 or #26. https://govisafree.com/democra... [govisafree.com] https://wisevoter.com/country-... [wisevoter.com]

        To be fair we do other difference from just FPTP vs PR. Voting districts are determined by an independent body using statistical data, not by gerrymandering politicians and judges are not appointed by politicians. We have strict rules around funding of political parties and the transparency about reporting it.
      • Israel is a very special case where two large parties are split almost evenly and the fringe loony party is the kingmaker. That's not exactly a good example.

      • Re:Real change (Score:5, Interesting)

        by IDemand2HaveSumBooze ( 9493913 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @07:23AM (#63787452)

        I used to think that way myself. Whatever the faults of the FPTP system, at least it produces strong governments backed by a decisive popular mandate, right? Then I became more interested in politics here (in the UK, which also has a FPTP system, one of I believe only three countries in the world who use this system) and it became clear that this just isn't the case.

        The big two parties here are the Labour, who are a bit more left-wing (using the simplistic left-right model) and Conservatives, who are a bit more right-wing. Labour has been fighting an internal civil war between the more centrist elements and the more hard left faction since well before my time. At various times one of the two factions was on top, at one point the centrist faction dominated completely - New Labour, although they had their own internal conflicts. Then the harder left seemed to be on top - the Jeremy Corbin era, now the centrists seem to be dominant again.

        As for the Conservatives, they had their own civil war for just as long, between the more centrist and the more right-wing factions. Back in 2016 Prime Minister David Cameron got so tired of fighting the Eurosceptic factions in his party that he put the issue to a public referendum, and that is how we got Brexit. After that the longest serving PM was Boris Johnson, not because he was a visionary leader - he was a totally clueless baffoon - but because he could sort of charm people into compromising a little bit. With him gone, the right-wing faction briefly got on top with the short-lived but disastrous Truss government, now Sunak is I guess something of a compromise candidate.

        My point is that there will always be a wide spectrum of different political views, and the proponents of these views will always try to take control. If you try to group all these views into just two parties, which tends to happen in FPTP systems, you will still get the same large number of factions, but they will compete for power behind the scenes via intrigue and backstabbing. You can't escape the fact that there will be political horsetrading and struggle for power. At least with PR the views of all those factions are more formalized by them forming separate political parties which then form coalitions and the power struggles within a coalition are more transparent and more directly influenced by the electorate.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Israel's problem isnt coalition government, its the fact that they never bothered to create a hard to modify constitution. If they had a strong constitution they wouldnt be having the problems they are having.

    • Re:Real change (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Whibla ( 210729 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @03:57AM (#63787276)

      When visiting the USA you notice the focus on love of the country as a substitute for love of your fellow citizen.

      I believe this was somewhat intentional. Think of the wording of the pledge of allegiance: "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands..." It's propaganda and 'brainwashing' in it's purest form. When you know what's best for the country everything else takes second priority, including individuals who hold different beliefs about what the right thing to do is. The extremes of this can be seen in those who perpetrate violence on those who would dare to deface their revered Stars and Stripes, i.e. flag burners. To them it's not just destruction of an object, no big deal, it's violation of a sacred oath, and therefore violence, even murder, is a perfectly justified response. Madness, but then the law of unintended consequences has a habit of cropping up where one might least expect it.

      • by ukoda ( 537183 )
        Interesting, someone should up rate you post accordingly. First time in the USA I found the number USA flags surprising, I have been to many countries and the USA stands out alone in this. At first I was wondering why, are they not sure what country they are in? After a while you can't help wonder if it is a form of insecurity?

        I only recently found out that burning our flag is illegal here. Like most people here I couldn't care less if you did that, if you paid for the flag then you are free to do wh
      • The Pledge was popularized, i.e., forced in schools, to weed out the Communists in the 1950s. I am not sure what the actual logic was, but I guess someone assumed that Communists couldn't lie or were relatively easy to indoctrinate. Like anything the government does, it's quick to implement and slow to undo. Remember, the government _has_ to do _something_.
    • To get real change the USA would need to move from a "First Past the Post" (FPTP) system to some form of proportional representation (PR).

      Eh, it worked great for about 200 years. I get wanting easy answers, but don't think that one is it.

      • Re:Real change (Score:5, Interesting)

        by ukoda ( 537183 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @05:57AM (#63787364) Homepage
        "Eh, it worked great for about 200 years". You may want to go a read up on some of your history. To be fair it has got a lot worse rather quickly in recent years.

        Looking in from the outside it is quite sad to see country that was once help up as example of what to emulate becoming an example of what not to do to a democracy.
        • Looking in from the outside it is quite sad to see country that was once help up as example of what to emulate becoming an example of what not to do to a democracy.

          That is what happens when you let the wealth concentrate, as it inevitably will. There is nobody or no thing to stir the pot, so the contents separate and the results are an unpleasant mess rather than a pleasing stew.

      • For varying definitions of "great".

        Don't get me wrong, the election system of the US was pretty progressive for the time it was invented. But it aged like the Trabant [wikipedia.org]. What used to be a cutting-edge, innovative idea at its inception has become a relic and laughing stock that remained unchanged in a world that did change a LOT since.

    • This is a ridiculous misreading of well, everything.
      I get it. Some people have this quasi-religious belief that "if only X was changed, everything would be better" and then they ride that hobby horse into the ground.

      In this case, it's that darn simple, straightforward voting system.

      I would ask them as a practical matter: when you and your handful of friends are deciding where you're going tonight...do you issue a ranked choice voting ballot, and then spend a half hour poring over the results?

      I'd guess not.

    • It turns out that while some political systems are worse than others, they are all pretty bad.

      Israel uses proportional representation and they have some of the same problems as the problems that you associate with the "First Past the Post" system. Because they have tons of political parties (something that, on the surface, seems like a really good thing) the only way for a party to win an election is to form a coalition with other political parties so that the total seats of their combined coalition outnumb

  • I thought these comments would all be Republicans saying, "See! Republicans are reasonable and Democrats are rigidly stupid" and Democrats saying, "See! Republicans are misinformed and need to learn something and Democrats are already right". I am delighted to see neither of these comments anywhere.
    • Re: (Score:2, Troll)

      by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

      That would be because study results say that.

      Republicans were willing to move on their positions and views on opposition. That is in line with being reasonable, and finding points where they were misinformed and changing their mind on those points in some cases.

      Democrats didn't move. That is in line with being rigidly stupid and remaining convinced that they're already right.

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        Republicans were willing to move on their positions and views on opposition

        2/3rds of Republicans still believe our last presidential election was rigged despite being completely unable to furnish a single piece of evidence for meaningful levels of fraud. They were also the ones leading the charge to demonize any efforts to combat COVID, even those like the vaccine that had near universal medical consensus behind it from the entirety of the worlds doctors and medical experts.

        Sorry but your caricature of Republicans as the reasonable ones who change their opinions based on reasonabl

      • Re:Teamism (Score:5, Insightful)

        by fuzznutz ( 789413 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @01:12PM (#63788342)

        Democrats didn't move. That is in line with being rigidly stupid and remaining convinced that they're already right.

        I have a good friend who is very far left and totally convinced he is always right. I have given up trying to reason with him. I have no idea where he gets his information but it is generally wrong. His most recent rant over lunch a few weeks ago was over how the US Supreme Court "ordered Governor Greg Abbott to remove the river barriers from the Rio Grande" and he refused the order. I pointed out that there was no such court order and the case had only just been filed in District Court two weeks prior so it had no time to make it to the Supreme Court. He worked himself into a lather convinced *I* was wrong.

        I like this guy but his politics and ignorance makes it hard. He becomes irrational when politics are involved yet he always thinks he is informed. The sad thing is that he regularly votes on his information.

    • I thought these comments would all be Republicans saying, "See! Republicans are reasonable and Democrats are rigidly stupid"...

      I have to admit, as a conservative, I did consider posting something similar to that.

  • across the political divide might reduce the sense that at least some of their opponents aren't as extreme as they're often made out to be." - so... confirmaton that all people are indeed as extreme as they are made out to be reduces polarization? Interesting.
  • by Whibla ( 210729 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @04:05AM (#63787284)

    I fear they've drawn the wrong conclusion from the data.

    What it actually shows is that Republicans change their views with the wind (one reason they've drifted so far, so fast, and are swayed by meaningless rhetoric spouted, scattergun, by orange fools), whilst Democrats are closed minded and unwilling, or unable, to listen to reason.

    </troll>

    </jk>

    • The real key of why they had results is the participants were separated from the profit driven platforms. No algorithms, and no money, driving the suckers into a frenzy.

      • by evanh ( 627108 )

        I might qualify that statement - It's probably the tracking, rather than the ads per se. Take away the tracking, then the algorithms might become more humanely built.

    • Yeah, almost. There's certainly a bias in Republican circles towards group think and appeals to authority, but Democrats tend to herd like cats. It would follow that Republicans —particularly those told that they are talking to another Republican —would change their individual position more easily. And, also, American politics is skewed waaaaaaay to the right to the point that it is pretty hard to reasonably move someone further right.

  • by PJ6 ( 1151747 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @05:48AM (#63787346)
    start talking about the real issues, instead of just the ones that inflame everyone and accomplish nothing?

    I don't see how it helps to focus discussion on the two political parties, when the problem is a refusal to break out of that mindset.

    I know they're trying to help but to me it looks like they're just perpetuating the thing they want to fix.
  • by VoodooCryptologist ( 7614904 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @05:51AM (#63787352)

    I'm not supporting or criticizing any political party here, but this seems part of a larger overall trend about entrenchedness (I just made that a word.) For example, in 2020, an NBC News Generation Lab poll found that 71% of Republican college students would dorm with a Democrat but only 38% of Democrat students would dorm with a Republican. (https://www.axios.com/2022/08/19/college-students-dorm-political-views-poll) A 2019 YouGov poll found that Democrats are more likely to say that "most or all of their friends have similar views." (https://today.yougov.com/topics/society/articles-reports/2019/10/24/politics-beliefs-friends-partners-poll-survey)

    If you want to get political and think that Democrats are just right and know it, or that Republicans are more reasonable, then whatever - either way, it's not my point. It's just an interesting trend that seems to be pretty consistent.

    • by msdawe ( 9632800 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @07:06AM (#63787432)
      I agree. As a conservative I enjoy having discussions with liberals. When the discussion stays civil I leave the discussion having learned something and I feel like the other person does too.

      However, many times the the other people canâ(TM)t keep it civil and it devolves into an argumentâ"especially when there is an audience. They act as if they have to represent or theyâ(TM)ll be ostracized by the gang.

      It has already been said here butâ¦a person is smart but people are stupid.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by mmarlett ( 520340 )

      71% of Bullies said they would dorm with a Nerd, but only 38% of Nerds said that they would dorm with a Bully. Nerds are more likely to say that "most or all of their friends have similar views."

  • As long as "Team Red" and "Team Blue" continue to exist in their current duopoly, there can be no real change in the polarization that will surely lead to a Second Civil War and potentially World War 3.

    I invite any evidence to the contrary. Modding me down or making derogatory comments only demonstrates your lack of compelling evidence.

    • Nothing's going to work until a lot of people from "Team Red" and "Team Blue" come to the realization that they're being played. Culture War issues are nothing more than diversions to make average people forget both parties are completely corporate owned, and dedicated to funneling more and more money from the dying middle class into the pockets of those who already own almost the whole United States.

      Federal Reserve data from 2021 indicates the top 1% of households in the United States held 32.3% of the co

      • by HBI ( 10338492 ) on Tuesday August 22, 2023 @09:34AM (#63787722)

        You could literally pick any issue that has a polarized viewpoint and point out the holes you could drive a truck through in each competing viewpoint.

        The fact this is even up for debate shows how indoctrinated people are. This research is nifty, but nibbles at the edges of the problem.

        The joke is going to be on the polarizers when they finally realize that this is how you get a civil war, and a bunch of people pacified by plenty and circuses (or internet porn, endless entertainment, etc) realize it's gone.

    • by skam240 ( 789197 )

      I invite any evidence to the contrary. Modding me down or making derogatory comments only demonstrates your lack of compelling evidence.

      Or in other words "I have not nor do I have any way to cite any evidence to support these wild claims that are clearly based on personal opinion but if you cant cite any evidence in refuting them then you suck!"

      All you've done here is voiced a clear opinion with zero support and then claimed that no one can do the same to refute you.

If you teach your children to like computers and to know how to gamble then they'll always be interested in something and won't come to no real harm.

Working...