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United States Politics

This Could Be Microsoft's Most Important Product in 2020. If it Works (cnet.com) 142

Alfred Ng, writing for CNET: Building 83 doesn't stand out on Microsoft's massive Redmond, Washington, headquarters. But last week, the nameless structure hosted what might be the software giant's most important product of 2020. Tucked away in the corner of a meeting room, a sign reading "ElectionGuard" identifies a touchscreen that asks people to cast their votes. An Xbox adaptive controller is connected to it, as are an all-white printer and a white ballot box for paper votes. If you didn't look carefully, you might have mistaken all that for an array of office supplies. ElectionGuard is open-source voting-machine software that Microsoft announced in May 2019. In Microsoft's demo, voters make their choices by touchscreen before printing out two copies. A voter is supposed to double-check one copy before placing it into a ballot box to be counted by election workers. The other is a backup record with a QR code the voter can use to check that the vote was counted after polls close. With ElectionGuard, Microsoft isn't setting out to create an unhackable vote -- no one thinks that's possible -- but rather a vote in which hacks would be quickly noticed.

The product demo was far quieter than the typical big tech launch. No flashy lights or hordes of company employees cheering their own product, like Microsoft's dual screen phone, its highly anticipated dual-screen laptop or its new Xbox Series X. And yet, if everything goes right, ElectionGuard could have an impact that lasts well beyond the flashy products in Microsoft's pipeline. ElectionGuard addresses what has become a crucial concern in US democracy: the integrity of the vote. The software is designed to establish end-to-end verification for voting machines. A voter can check whether his or her vote was counted. If a hacker had managed to alter a vote, it would be immediately obvious because encryption attached to the vote wouldn't have changed. The open-source software has been available since last September. But Microsoft gets its first real-world test on Tuesday, when ElectionGuard is used in a local vote in Fulton, Wisconsin.

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This Could Be Microsoft's Most Important Product in 2020. If it Works

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  • by Anonymous Coward

    ...for the much maligned M$.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by sgt_doom ( 655561 )
        Why am I suffering PTSD right now? Why do I suddenly recall how Micro$oft claimed XCOPY32 would copy ALL 32-bit files? Why . . .
      • The trouble is...with the QR code "validation" ability, doesn't this potentially destroy the anonymous vote a person has..and open the door for persecution by employers or others wanting to "verity" that you voted the *ahem* correct way?

        This could lead to pressure how people vote and open the door for paying for votes.

        • It probably doesn't store the selections made, just the ballot identifier/number.

          • Re: Not a bad job... (Score:5, Informative)

            by benjymouse ( 756774 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @05:20PM (#59740926)

            It probably doesn't store the selections made, just the ballot identifier/number.

            It actually does. You just cannot decrypt it. But because of homomorphic encryption you can actually compute the totals. Only, there's a small catch: The total will also be encrypted :-)

            But when someone trusted with the private key decrypts the totals, you can verity that encrypting the totals using the public key yields the same ciphertext as your computed, encrypted totals.

            If no one can decrypt the vote, they cannot be sure that they actually bought your vote. They can only be sure that you *voted*, not who/what you voted for.

        • Did you know that the secret ballot is only about 140 years old?

          There was a time when votes were so un-secret that supporters of candidate A would stand on one side of the street and supporters of B would stand on the other. Votes were tallied by someone looking down from a raised platform to count the tops of heads - aka "polls".

    • ...for the much maligned M$.

      Wondering if they were saying the same thing about certain caucus apps prior to actually using them.

      The vendor may not carry a name like "Shadow, Inc.", but integrity and validity remain to be seen. As with everything politics, we should still follow the money. Are they also accepting "donations" directly from the candidates running? If so, I'm guessing ElectionGuard will soon be a Bloomberg product...

      • Hold on now . . . . are you suggesting just because Pete Booty had a one-third financial stake in Shadow, Inc. that might somehow affect the results of any election their software app was involved with?
      • As TFA mentioned... the app used in the caucus was a case of "testing in production"; doing that is obviously a very dumb thing to do. Pretty sure that MSFT has been smart enough to test the crap out of their current product before putting it to use in a (way the hell smaller and far more realistic) test case of a small Wisconsin town's election.

        Seriously - the two are not only apples(MSFT) vs. oranges(Shadow), but more like apples vs. ebola-laced-plutonium-inserted-anally-with-force.

        • As TFA mentioned... the app used in the caucus was a case of "testing in production"; doing that is obviously a very dumb thing to do...

          And you assume that "very dumb thing" wasn't by design. This isn't the first time a voting app has been "relied" on. In Iowa.

          Ironically enough, it was Microsoft who created the voting app at the center of the 2016 caucus clusterfuck.

    • by ras ( 84108 )

      ...for the much maligned M$.

      We will see, and Microsoft is notorious for screwing up [engadget.com] the simplest of things [datacenterknowledge.com] over and over again [microsoft.com].

      But on the plus side, is fairly well known how to add electronic assists to attendance voting now. It really is "electronic assists" and not "electronic voting" because paper remains a central feature of it. It's more about augmenting the paper with electronics to make some things easier - like voting if you can't see and counting the votes. And adding new features like allowing

      • Microsoft is a big place, and has a lot of people working for it, so its understandable that much of its products are written by complete idiots.

        but at the same time, they have some really clever and good people working for them, and I hope that its these guys who have been tasked with the voting software, and not the fresh-out-of-college interns who fancied a cool project to work on.

        Its available as open source [github.com], so technically you and I both could check it out, I doubt we'd be able to verify it, but I thin

    • ...for the much maligned M$.

      LOL.. Assuming they didn't do this for tracking reasons, so they can figure out how you voted and target advertising accordingly.... Somehow, I don't feel all that safe letting M$ have that kind of access.

  • MS truly is the perfect company for this. They basically wrote the book on transparency and how to avoid it.

    • by spun ( 1352 )

      How are they going to avoid transparency when this is open source?

      • They basically wrote the book on transparency and how to avoid it.

        How are they going to avoid transparency when this is open source?

        Aren't you listening? They wrote the book! What more proof do you need?

  • by grep -v '.*' * ( 780312 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @03:17PM (#59740478)

    The other is a backup record with a QR code the voter can use to check that the vote was counted after polls close

    So, does that mean you can leave and take it with you, and then your employer can nicely ask for your QR code to verify you voted "successfully" -- if you know what I mean?

    If you don't: let's make sure that you supported the company vote suggestion. If you did, Hurrah! If not, a bad review might soon be in your future. Say in about 30 minutes.

    Making sure that "your vote is in there somewhere" is great. Also making sure that "it's for your candidate" is great as well, except when you're forced to reveal it to someone else. I don't see how they can do the candidate verification AND also keep someone else from viewing it as well.

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by kubajz ( 964091 )
      Umm... just don't give your QR code to anyone? If you don't want people to take it, just keep it secret, like you do with your social security number or childhood pics. I doubt your employer would be able to do much more than today - ask you who you voted for, and potentially face legal action...
      • by AleRunner ( 4556245 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @03:47PM (#59740588)

        Umm... just don't give your QR code to anyone? If you don't want people to take it, just keep it secret, like you do with your social security number or childhood pics. I doubt your employer would be able to do much more than today - ask you who you voted for, and potentially face legal action...

        Nice to see everyone's reading the article as ever<\sarcasm>. This is specifically addressed. The whole point is that, in the case of intimidation, you don't have a choice about who you give your QR code to. In this particular case the problem has been addressed, according to the article, by using "Homomorphic encryption" which "allows for counting votes while they remain secret". This means that whether you hand over your QR code or not is irrelevant. The real question is whether the encryption works, which it probably does well enough. In which case the grandparents valid concerns are addressed in this system.

        • The whole point is that, in the case of intimidation

          The whole point is that people who bring this up are scared the Nazis will come rape them in their sleep. People and even corporations can't engage in wide enough scale intimidation for this to have an outcome on elections, and the kind of dodgy deals that could intimidate you now that you have a QR code can just as easily intimidate you without it (if X doesn't win, I'm going to do Y to you, I don't care how you voted).

          You have so many problems. Worrying about intimidation is not at all one of them.

        • Nice to see everyone's reading the article as ever. This is specifically addressed.

          Nope, I'm afraid I didn't read the actual article. Had to soon leave but wanted to make sure the question got asked.

          And I remember reading maybe 12 years ago some cryptoguy had worked out a scheme to let you verify your vote (it's positively in there) but still hide WHO you voted for. I wondered then why it never caught on; I wonder now if MS rebuilt the wheel or improved upon it.

          You have so many problems. Worrying about intimidation is not at all one of them.

          Not my problem at all. But for a small sleazy business (say local organized crime) for a local/city-wide issue, I could see

      • by darkain ( 749283 )

        "just keep it secret, like you do with your social security number"

        Oh, you mean the very thing you're required to give an employer to report tax purposes?

    • by AK Marc ( 707885 )
      I hope so. The only way to stop vote fraud is for a person to see how their vote was counted after it was counted. Until that system exists, then ballot box stuffing (which happens 100% of the time) can't be stopped.

      If your boss asks to see it, call the police. Done. If you are really worried about it, drop your receipt in the destruction bin at the polling station.
      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by Junta ( 36770 )

        (which happens 100% of the time)

        That seems to be nearly 100% more than most studies claim happen in practice, but it is a concern nonetheless.

        If your boss asks to see it, call the police. Done.

        Your job will be forfeit and you will have no evidence that the boss really asked for this and so prosecution will probably not be able to proceed. Same goes for organized crime. Generally speaking many people can exert more dire consequences for your non-compliance than you can realistically threaten in return. This is why secrecy of the vote has been imperative and that it is in fact illegal to t

        • If your boss asks to see it, call the police. Done.

          Your job will be forfeit and you will have no evidence that the boss really asked for this and so prosecution will probably not be able to proceed.

          Won't matter - your state's Bureau of Labor will likely fine the employer so damned hard (and enforce it via seizure if necessary) that you'll likely not have to look for another job for at least 1-2 years off the proceeds, if not longer. I suspect that your boss' management will be on their knees at your door begging you to come back, and said boss (unless he's the proprietor) will likely end up blackballed.

          Seriously - the State of Oregon's BOLI (Bureau of Labor and Industry) fined a bakery $150k just for

      • The only way to stop vote fraud is for a person to see how their vote was counted after it was counted.

        That's insufficient, as the article points out. Merely being able to detect fraud (or error) doesn't help if you can't actually correct it. What good is it to have an election whose result you have proven to be wrong, but no way to determine what the correct result is? You've destroyed any public confidence in the results (whether fictitious or not -- and fictitious confidence is actually better for democracy than no confidence) and have no recourse other than to run the election again -- most likely wit

        • by AK Marc ( 707885 )

          What good is it to have an election whose result you have proven to be wrong, but no way to determine what the correct result is?

          What good is it to be able to use DNA to exclude a suspect when you can't get a match from it? Sometimes proving there is a problem, and proving where the problem had to occur will help it be known, or otherwise exclude efforts in areas not affected.

          If a printout matches the ballot, and the ballot says the voter voted for Nixon, when he claims he cast his vote for Humphrey, then the problem was that the voter either is mistaken, or the ballot machine recorded the vote wrong and the voter didn't notice.

          Bu

    • by crow ( 16139 )

      I would suspect that the QR code has a ballot sequence number, but not how you voted included in it for just that reason. It's not a secret ballot otherwise. (This the one big problem I have with Oregon's vote-by-mail system; an abusive spouse can force a vote.)

      • Actually, it *should* have your vote included, just asymmetrically encrypted using a homomorphic encryption scheme.

        That way the votes can be tallied *without* revealing the individual vote. The vote tally will then be encrypted the same way, because homomorphic encryption.

        • by crow ( 16139 )

          That's an interesting idea, and I appreciate the theory, but I'm concerned that it might break down. Consider that an attacker might have hundreds of ballots with known plaintext, and with the homomorphic property, I question whether you could fully mask the vote value of another ballot by including additional data such as the voter's name, polling machine, time stamp, etc.

          And even if all that works, there's the question of voters trusting the system. If voters don't trust it, then it doesn't matter how p

      • (This the one big problem I have with Oregon's vote-by-mail system; an abusive spouse can force a vote.)

        "Go into the polling booth, take a photo of your filled out ballot. And then text it to me. I'll follow you out and make sure you put it in the box."

        If they are willing to violate the law to threaten harm and abuse a spouse... what's to stop them from breaking the smaller law of taking a photo of your ballot?

        • by crow ( 16139 )

          They've banned taking photos of your ballot for just that reason. There were stories of people upset that they couldn't take a photo of themselves voting for the the first female President back in 2016.

          Of course, we've always had this issue with absentee voting, so no system is perfect.

    • and then your employer can nicely ask for your QR code to verify you voted "successfully" -- if you know what I mean?

      You don't have legal protections against someone asking this? Are you that afraid of your own shadows that your big concern is that if you take a QR code with you your employer may ask to see it? Have you no protections at all? Land of the free to bend over when asked to test the latest anal sex toy from your employer?

      • You clearly are comfortable enough to not have to worry about that issue, but that doesn't make it non-existent. A person barely scraping by with little mobility or job opportunities may not feel comfortable risking their livelihood of their word against their employers (or union leader, criminal, etc).

        Being legally right doesn't keep the heat on and kids fed.

        • but that doesn't make it non-existent.

          No but it makes it irrelevant. The number of people in such a position combined with the number of people who would actively risk facing such incredible legal action won't sway an election.

          Gun control is not the answer to gun violence. Err sorry wrong narrative. The solution to intimidation is not to remove the ability to intimidate, but rather to punish those who attempt to do so.

    • by benjymouse ( 756774 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @04:24PM (#59740710)

      > So, does that mean you can leave and take it with you, and then your employer can nicely ask for your QR code to verify you voted "successfully" -- if you know what I mean?

      No. Your vote is asymmetrically encrypted. The QR code can be used to check that you actually *voted* and that the vote was *counted*. It does not reveal what you voted.

      The homomorphic encryption system means that the votes can be tallied while fully encrypted, without revealing the individual votes. The cumulative totals are just similarly encrypted, with the same key, actually. The holder of the private key can then decrypt the totals, revealing the election result at aggregate level.

      If you wanted to, you could run the homomorphic tallying on your own computer. The vote lists are supposed to be public. Anyone (with sufficiently powerful computer) can do the tallying and arrive at the same encrypted totals. You just cannot decrypt them without the private key. But when the election totals are published, *you* can *encrypt* the published totals using the *public key* and check the encrypted totals ciphertext is the same as your computed, encrypted totals.

      At least, that's how I understand the theory...

    • So, does that mean you can leave and take it with you, and then your employer can nicely ask for your QR code to verify you voted "successfully" -- if you know what I mean?

      That ship sailed years ago, when in the name of inclusiveness it became standard that anybody who wanted an absentee ballot could get one by just asking with no reason given.

    • So, does that mean you can leave and take it with you, and then your employer can nicely ask for your QR code to verify you voted "successfully" -- if you know what I mean?

      Indeed. (Putting aside the legality of your employer asking for that). Your employer (or anyone else) can use the QR code to verify that you *voted*. But the *vote* is still encrypted, so he cannot tell for *who/what* you voted.

      Because of homomorphic encryption, anyone can tally the vote. Only, the tally will be encrypted, so you cannot use it straight away.

      But someone with the private key corresponding to the public key used to encrypt the vote, can decrypt the tally and publish it.

      If you want to verify t

    • In most if not all States the fact that you voted is already available. In vote by mail states like Oregon and Washington that information is available almost immediately. The campaigns then remove those voters from the canvassing universe so they are not wasting effort contacting those who have already turned in ballots.

      What is far more frightening is the big data correlation being done and the sharing of that data. Even in states like Washington that don't have party registration, your employer could ea
  • I can see this being useful to detect if a foreign agent has changed a vote, or stopped a vote from counting.

    What about votes that are made on behalf of dead people, or people who didn't know they voted, or just plain made up? If they don't know to check the qr code (for those living beings who just didn't vote), there is no real check.

    • by AK Marc ( 707885 )
      Dead people don't vote.

      The times it made the news, they later found out John Smith signed on line 12, as a dead John Smith, when he should have signed on line 13, which was him, a live John Smith. It is always a minor error in documentation that has no effect on the election. The other "major scandal" was a dead person who voted. She died after voting, but before the report on dead voters, so she was counted as a dead voter, when she voted while alive. The fake scandals are invented to pretend ballot s
      • I notice you provided no links to support your assertions. How come?
        • by AK Marc ( 707885 )
          Because those who disagree will not believe them anyway, so why waste my time on them? Feel free to post your own links on the subject.

          Also of issue is that someone will complain about one single issue when I mention 10, so why should I spend months painstakingly researching a post, only to have 90% if it ignored anyway, and the last 10% dismissed as fake news for being true. I note you didn't even specify a fact you think is false.
  • by SuperKendall ( 25149 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @03:31PM (#59740532)

    So lets say you notice your vote is incorrect, then what?

    Can you easily invalidate or change the vote? If so, pathway to hacking the vote en masse.

    If not, does the system even matter?

    Paper votes people, paper votes... and strong voter ID so you can be sure of who is voting.

    • So lets say you notice your vote is incorrect, then what?

      Can you easily invalidate or change the vote? If so, pathway to hacking the vote en masse.

      If not, does the system even matter?

      Paper votes people, paper votes... and strong voter ID so you can be sure of who is voting.

      I think the basic idea is, yes, you should be able to easily change the vote.

      Indeed, to trust the voting system, you should be able to produce as many votes as you want, submit only *one* of them and have the rest of them (destructively) decrypted.

      This addresses the problem of how you can trust that the encrypted cipher is actually the vote you ordered. If you produce 200 "votes", pick a random one to actually submit and check that the 199 others actually decrypts to your vote.

  • by CQDX ( 2720013 ) on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @03:48PM (#59740590)

    The solution is simple:

    In person voting on paper only.
    Ballots only checked by machines, no hand counting.
    Id check of every voter.
    Put election day on Saturday or national holiday.
    Stop counting 24 hrs after polls close, do not accept mysteriously found ballots days later.

    • The solution is simple:

      In person voting on paper only. Ballots only checked by machines, no hand counting. Id check of every voter. Put election day on Saturday or national holiday. Stop counting 24 hrs after polls close, do not accept mysteriously found ballots days later.

      But then, how are we supposed to cheat?
      Now we're going to have to sue to prevent these injustices you're attempting to propagate.

      • You just have to be quicker to get the fake ballots into the count.... You need to plan ahead.

    • Re:Over engineered (Score:4, Insightful)

      by DDumitru ( 692803 ) <`moc.ocysae' `ta' `guod'> on Tuesday February 18, 2020 @04:18PM (#59740682) Homepage

      The solution is simple:

      In person voting on paper only.
      Ballots only checked by machines, no hand counting.
      Id check of every voter.
      Put election day on Saturday or national holiday.
      Stop counting 24 hrs after polls close, do not accept mysteriously found ballots days later.

      BUNK!

      * In person ...

      This discriminates against major groups, on both sides. The elderly, overseas troops, etc.

      * Ballots checked by machine ...

      Unless the machine kicks, then a human needs to look at it. If the ballot is "written" by a machine, the number of these will be really low.

      * Id check every voter.

      I have a "constitutional right" as a citizen to vote. I can be homeless, and I can still vote. In person voter impersonation is so close to non-existent, that this is a ruse.

      * Put election day ...

        Good idea. My state now has 11 days of in-person voting. The nation needs to learn from California.

      * Stop counting ...

      The "accurate count" is much more important than a "quick count". Count all of the ballots even if it takes time. Orange County California on election night 2018 was mostly R for US congress. After all the votes were counted, it is 100% D. No fraud. No close races. A good republican registrar of voters. Real people vote. To say that you should not count them is "abhorrent". Technology can make this go "faster", but "accuracy" is more important than speed.

      • I have a "constitutional right" as a citizen to vote.

        Prove you're a citizen.

        • This was validated by the county ROV when I registered. In that the number of non-eligible voters is so staggeringly small (in my county: 1.6M+ active registered voters, improper votes proven: a handful, and these are not impersenations).

          So the reasonable requirement is that the country prove that I am not eligible. You are asking the 99.99%+ of eligible voters to prove their innocence.

          The most common form of "voter fraud" in California is "rich folks" that want to vote at both their residence, and at the

          • The most common form of "voter fraud" in California is "rich folks" that want to vote at both their residence, and at their vacation homes.

            Had two cases of that in my county, both Democrats who "wanted to be sure" Trump didn't carry California. It's hard to fix stupid.

      • Id check every voter.

                I have a "constitutional right" as a citizen to vote. I can be homeless, and I can still vote. In person voter impersonation is so close to non-existent, that this is a ruse.

              Nice dodge! Of course, with no ID, no one knows if you are a *citizen*.

    • I would further add that we need to serialize ballots and retain a map between who voted and their serialized ballot. ALL ballots would be *required* to be returned by precinct election judges, voted or blank, and accounted for. Lost or destroyed ballots will have to be listed and only ballots issued to the precinct will be accepted before any votes from that precinct will be counted. The precinct judges retain custody of the ballots until they are verified and all unused and voted ballots are returned. So

    • Since Californians passed the "Voters Choice Act" there is no need for this MS system. Paper ballots arrive by mail, you fill them out, sign the envelope and they're mailed back to the county registrar. The county checks your signature to verify eligibility and scans the ballots under the watchful eyes of election observers. Done. You can go on to the county or CA Secretary of State website to verify your ballot was received. On election day random recounts of paper ballots verify the machine totals. There

  • Let's throw it on a Surface Pro and use it at the next Democratic Primary.
  • My State (or at least my County), which hardly ever gets "Tech" right, seems to have accidentally gotten the Electronic Voting thing about as "right" as could be.

    In addition to Absentee Ballots and "Provisional Ballots", which are counted 10 days after the Election, the "In Person" Voting Process goes as follows:

    When you show up to the Voting location (mine is in a nearby Fire Station), you report to a table where a pair of Precinct Volunteers find your name on a printout, verify your ID against the printou

  • Microsoft isn't setting out to create an unhackable vote ... but rather a vote in which hacks would be quickly noticed.

    ElectionGuard Clippy: It looks like your vote was hacked, would you like help selecting a Republican?

  • It's great to have vote integrity between the voting booth and the recording server. However this does nothing to address the voter being the source of fraud. It's pointless to have a verifiable vote if the voter was not eligible to vote in the first place.

    We've already seen the dead vote, as well as people who had moved, or those who were otherwise ineligible.

    If you want to deploy something like this it is essential that it be coupled with a Voter ID system and a verifiable means of insuring the voter is

  • Voter self-authenticates the ballot voted onscreen matches the ballot printed.
    Voter self-validates that the vote on the authenticated ballot matches the vote chosen onscreen
    Microsoft verifies that the ballot submitted votes were included in the vote tally

    BUT no where does the process insure one man one vote.

    SO it would not catch one man two votes at differing locations or different times even.

  • I think having physical paper copies is an excellent step, so is a user having the ability to verify their vote has been counted, and so is having it open source. I can't help but think that since we've been discussing electronic voting, we've been trying to trivialize a complex process. No I'm not insinuating counting votes is a complex thing at all, but the logistics of it all.

    Why do we want electronic voting? Best thing I can figure is real time updates when voting is taking place, or reducing man pow

  • Just one question: Does it use blockchain? [xkcd.com]
  • As I wrote before, we don't need newfangled technology solutions for something that has worked for generations.

    Nearly all Computerized Voting is flawed, because it cannot meet the following criteria, which have to all be satisfied together:

    - Anonymity: a ballot cannot be traced to an individual, so there is no pressure or reprisal
    - Auditability: ballots can be recounted with witnesses from various candidates/parties. Software on the other hand can be modified by one corrupt programmer or installer for a bri

  • You know what vote system is unhackable ? Paper vote. And where I lived , 60 million and 90 millions inhabitant the vote are mostly known by the evening (baring a few where they have to recheck) - quickly enough. How is this done ? At the poll they ask for volunteer to come back after poll closure. Then under survelliance of local authorities the volunteer count each a part of the vote, then notes the results, then the packet are exchanged between groups and the counts are verified, then it is reported up t
  • by mfearby ( 1653 ) on Wednesday February 19, 2020 @05:42PM (#59744852) Homepage

    Counting votes doesn't need to be complicated. Plenty of democracies around the world do this quickly and easily with something called... pen and paper, and you have scrutineers from the various parties in place to observe the counting to make sure nothing untoward is happening. Easy.

    Only the USA seems to have made a mountain out of a mole hill when it comes to voting. It's hard to fathom.

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