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Education Government United States Politics Science

The Push For Quotas For Women In Science 896

mlimber writes "The NYTimes has a story about how Congress has quietly begun to press for an equal number of women in the hard sciences and engineering under Title IX, which is best known for mandating numerical equality for boys' and girls' sports for institutions that accept federal funding. The problem is, the article says, it is not merely that women face discrimination from male colleagues, though that is often true, or that they are discouraged from pursuing these fields. Rather, women with aptitude in these areas often simply have other interests and so pursue their education and careers in other fields like law, education, or biology. Opponents of this plan, including many women in scientific fields, say implementing sex-based quotas will actually be detrimental because it will communicate that the women can't compete on even terms with men and will be 'devastating' to the quality of science 'if every male-dominated field has to be calibrated to women's level of interest.'"
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The Push For Quotas For Women In Science

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:49PM (#24203967)

    Law, psychology, education, journalism, etc. are dominated by women. Should we expect to see male quotas there?

    • What about racial equality? Is that one just not cool anymore? Because I know there white/non-white ratio of people in my field (locally, at least) is about three times higher than the white/non-white ratio of the general population (locally, at least).

      THAT'S IT!!! No more white people allowed to become architects until we fix these numbers!
      • by jgarra23 ( 1109651 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:07PM (#24204247)

        What about racial equality? Is that one just not cool anymore?
        What about LGBT equality, I demand an EQUAL number of Lesbians, an equal number of Queers, an equal number of Bi-Sexuals and an EQUAL number of trannys to be a requirement of labs which accept govt. funding!! What about straight people? To hell with them!!

        In other news I actually DO have an African-American friend who applied for an African American scholarship who was later turned down because he's not black... Oh, what, you say that African-American is actually a racist term too, but don't tell the bleeding hearts...

        • by Arterion ( 941661 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:43PM (#24204795)

          Maybe when we start having a racially-equal number of crackwhores, violent criminals, terrorists, drug dealers, layabouts, and social misfits; then maybe we can start applying it to other things.

          I'm not for political correctness (only fairness). If racial profiling, or gender profiling, or sexual profiling, or any other type of profiling generates positive results, then why aren't we doing it?

          In other words -- if girls don't want to study science them please, for the love of science, don't try to make them. I sincerely believe that statistically, men are better at science than women. There are enough objectively identifiable differences between the sexes to justify such a statement. (The same could be said for races, too.)

          The key thing to remember, though is that, being good at science doesn't have, or doesn't need to have any particular value or "worth" associated with it. I'm not good at sports, and I don't think that makes me less of a person.

          (In case you're wondering, I'm a gay man who considers himself a very liberal Socialist on the political spectrum.)

          • by mrwolf007 ( 1116997 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:23PM (#24205409)
            Well we would like to employ you to fill our quotas because you are a black, violant, terroristic, drug dealing lesbian.
            Would you consider becoming jewish?
          • by element-o.p. ( 939033 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:36PM (#24205577) Homepage
            My only problem with any kind of profiling is that it makes it easy to become prejudiced.

            I agree when you said "if girls don't want to study science them [sic] please, for the love of science, don't try to make them. I sincerely believe that statistically, men are better at science than women. There are enough objectively identifiable differences between the sexes to justify such a statement."

            However, here is the catch: a particular women may very well be better at <pick scientific field here> even though statistically speaking, women (as a group) tend not to better at <same scientific field> than men (as a group). Plumbing alone is not sufficient to determine whether a man or a woman should be admitted to a degree program, offered a job, etc. If the best candidate for the opportunity is a woman, select her. If it's a man, select him. If it's a person (either sex) of African, American Native, Polynesian Islander, Caucasian, etc., select that person without regard for skin color, sex, orientation, etc.

            This is why quotas are a bad idea. With either quotas or with profiling, you are discriminating on the basis of irrelevant evidence (skin color, sex, etc.).
            • by h4rm0ny ( 722443 ) on Wednesday July 16, 2008 @03:06AM (#24209151) Journal

              Exactly. Quotas enforce a distinction based on race, gender or whatever and the desired end state is no distinctions based on these irrelevant things. Now there are positive ways that you can address the balance, like funding programs to encourage and assist under-represented groups to enter such areas. This preserves choice but recognises that there are barriers to these groups which need to be overcome.

              In reference to the GP, whilst it may be arguable that there are natural inclinations that lead women to generally be less inclined toward the sciences, there are three important points that impact on this. The first is that even if in the general case women have a lower potential ability in a field (emphasising 'if' and 'general' especially), very few careers really demand a persons maximum potential. Just because a man may be more likely to win the noble prize for maths, doesn't mean either gender isn't going to make an excellent maths teacher. Indeed, given other general traits that women tend to have over men, they may prove better maths teachers as a whole. Note that this is only if we allow the GP's belief in gender-divisions, which is not proved to the best of my knowledge.

              The second important point is that even if such tendencies do exist, they are exaggerated by society and this can be countered. To illustrate, if women were less inclined toward maths than men, to the hypothetical degree of 40% less likely to be interested in it, does that mean you get 40% less girls choosing maths? No - because girl X may look at what everyone else is choosing and say to herself "well my friends are choosing English and I'm going to be surrounded by boys with hardly any girls." Bang - discincentive! This is a bad thing if able people are being dissuaded from studying something due to other factors. My Computer Science course had about a hundred people in the year and around five of them were girls. Do you think a girl notices that? Yep - you can be sure of it. Plenty of girls wouldn't let that stop them, others would. So if there's a means to counter a social discincentive to study, perhaps through some sort of marketing, publicity or assistance scheme, then that reduces an innefficiency in our society.

              The third important point, when it comes to taking account of the any possible general distinctions in ability, across whatever distinction you draw, is that the difference in ability would have to be huge before it became efficient to discriminate based on that difference. Not just because potential caps on ability are irrelevant in a society where few reach their potential and dedication and consistency are the qualities most needed by employers, but because even if there was a difference in actual ability to the level of - absurd hypothetical - 75% of women candidates being less able than men, it still wouldn't be efficient on the part of an employer to make gender a distinguishing factor between candidates - you'd lose more than you gained. Therefore if there are means of countering any cultural tendency to make such distinctions, they should be found and considered. It's established that negative stereotypes form more easily than positive ones and that negative stereotypes do not require a statistically accurate basis. Therefore to be efficient, a society should actively counter negative stereotypes where needed.

              Now much of the above allowed the GP's belief that there was a provable difference in ability between genders, which is still open to debate. Disentangling any biological differences from cultural ones is extremely difficult and I have doubts that it has been shown that there are such real differences. It's all too easy to prove what you are looking for. The GP also slipped in a line about there being provable racial differences which I definitely have never seen good evidence for. All the above arguments would be relevant if there were, however.

              Our societies have a desperate need for educated pe
      • by Original Replica ( 908688 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:30PM (#24205495) Journal
        What about racial equality? Is that one just not cool anymore?

        It's still cool, it's just that some people have started to figure out that if you get the job because of a quota, you will never really be equal. Of course you will also never really be equal if during the first decade of your career when you are supposed to be proving yourself and being a workhorse for you industry you are prone to taking one or more legally protected one year hiatuses. I have no problems with working mothers, but they need to stop pretending that give as much to their careers as career driven men do. I'm fine with the fact that family life makes it impossible for a woman to do 50 and 60 hour weeks, but I'm not fine when she then demands "equal consideration" when it's time for raises and promotions. There are women out there who are ever bit as dedicated to their careers as the most career driven men, but they are as rare as stay at home fathers.
      • by Peter Cooper ( 660482 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @08:01PM (#24205873) Homepage Journal

        Okay, so we have gender equality in science. You've raised racial equality. What about sexual orientation too?

        The way I see it, we now need the industry's population to be enforced to:

        12.5% - Gay, white, male
        12.5% - Gay, white, female
        12.5% - Gay, non-white, male
        12.5% - Gay, non-white, female
        12.5% - Straight, white, male
        12.5% - Straight, white, female
        12.5% - Straight, non-white, male
        12.5% - Straight, non-white, female

        But what if we get age equality in there too? Do we now need 6.25% segments with old and young of gay/straight, black/white, male/female? What about transgendered people? Do they get a slice of the pie? I'd also want to include people from the US versus not from the US. Oh, and don't forget people with Down's Syndrome.

        At this rate, there'd only be one guy sitting in the computer science department with 99 vacancies going. The problem is, legally they can't discriminate when posting job vacancies, so how will the quota be filled? Who will find that gay Chinese hermaphrodite needed to fill a 1%?

    • by digitrev ( 989335 ) <digitrev@hotmail.com> on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:04PM (#24204191) Homepage
      Same with nursing and secretarial jobs. However, you'll never see male quotas (a good thing) because that would be favourable to men (a bad thing these days). Equality, as far as I'm concerned, means equal pay for equal jobs. I sincerely hope that a quota system never goes through, because quotas are ultimately detrimental to the system and insulting to the people who get this advantage. Give people a boost when they need it, such as scholarships for people in a miserable financial situation. Hiring should only be done on the grounds that they'll do a good job. I don't care what's in between your legs, just do your fucking job and do a good job of it.

      That being said, I would love to see more XX-chromosome carrying members of our society in my physics classes. But it has to be their choice and not at the expense of more qualified people. And for the record, the two best physics professors I've lacked a penis.
      • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:17PM (#24204371)

        And for the record ... I've lacked a penis.

        Do you tell this to everybody? I'm assuming you are not a woman because most women don't feel that they need to inform everyone that they do not have certain organs that the species in general possesses.

        Have you considered that perhaps you've just lost it? Feel around for a while and you might find it again. Good luck in your search!

      • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:30PM (#24204589)

        However, you'll never see male quotas (a good thing) because that would be favourable to men (a bad thing these days)

        In Sweden, there are male quotas as well. As a result, a couple of hundred women that were denied entry to vet school are suing the country's government for discrimnation.

        Needless to say, men can not sue.

        Feminism is not about gender equality, it's gender war, and they are winning.

        • by Robotbeat ( 461248 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:14PM (#24205313) Journal

          In Sweden, there are male quotas as well. As a result, a couple of hundred women that were denied entry to vet school are suing the country's government for discrimnation.

          Needless to say, men can not sue.

          Feminism is not about gender equality, it's gender war, and they are winning.

          That's interesting. I certainly have talked to a few women feminists who seem to hate men (well, dislike them very much). In fact, this one woman who spoke at the Feminist Forum at my school got married to a man, but he was the only man in the whole ceremony. Every person at the wedding, besides the groom, was female, including the priest. Now, I don't know about you, but that can't be natural and certainly isn't equality-minded. I'm sure that quite a few of the people who are motivated enough to constantly lobby for legislation like this are probably misguided like that woman was--bent the opposite way that a redneck is. Perhaps some of these uber-feminists (post-feminists?) really do hate men, and no doubt for some of them it IS a gender war. But, for most people this is still about equality.

          I tend to be pretty equality-minded myself, but I'm also aware that there are REAL biological differences between men and women, and that reflects itself in the social system. See, it's not just social conditioning that determines behavior: biology partly determines social behavior! Perhaps care-taking occupational fields are more common for women because that also happens to be a major genetic imperative for women, even more so than men (yes, breasts are for more than just sexual objects, in fact in some cultures they are not considered more sexual objects than the neck or the navel). How come animal behavior is considered almost entirely genetically determined by PC people cannot admit that human behavior may be even somewhat determined by genes?

          (I was a member of the feminist forum, even though I'm a guy... Hey, I was single!)

    • by Klaus_1250 ( 987230 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:23PM (#24204471)
      And what about stewardesses / Flight Attendants? Are they going to take the fun out of flying too? (sorry, but there is no joy in being buckled in an aluminum tube at 40000 feet surrounded by non-hetero males wearing uniforms). And what about Playboy/Penthouse? Are they going to enforce quota's there too? Isn't there anything sacred in this world?
    • by KUHurdler ( 584689 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:46PM (#24204853) Homepage
      As a former athlete, I can tell you what these restrictions will create:

      Less opportunities for men.

      They'd like to pretend it will be a positive influence and more opportunity for women. But tell that to the men's swimming team, the men's golf team, the men's track team, and the men's wrestling team... and good luck finding them, because those programs were all cut. After all, they had to "create" more opportunities for women.

      Here's my suggestion: how about we just actually give them the same opportunities, and if they don't take them... fine. Remove the male/female checkboxes from the applications. There's no need to create restrictions/quotas.
    • by professionalfurryele ( 877225 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:55PM (#24205013)

      Risk, it comes down to risk. If we REALLY want to get more women into the sciences we need the make the risks of the profession lower.

      By and large research has shown that the maxim that men and women are equally mentally competent is true. There are a few indications that maybe within specific skills men and women differ a little between populations, but by and large if there is a man who can do a job competently then there is a woman who can too.

      However, women are statistically more risk averse. And science (especially the hard sciences) is an incredibly risky discipline to undertake as a profession. Better to be a lawyer or a doctor. And women agree with this assessment. Many countries now train more women in these professions than men.

      The real problem with academia isn't discrimination. I've come across no discrimination working as a scientist. The problem isn't how hard academia is. Women are just as tough as men. The problem is that academia is playing roulette with your career, not to mention damn hard. 9 till 9 for pay nowhere near what you could earn in the private sector, no job security until you are in your mid to late 30s if you are lucky and get on a tenure track.

      If we want to have more women in academia then the way academics are treated needs to change. Competent (but not brilliant) academics shouldn't fall by the wayside, and brilliant ones should be treated like rock stars.

      This applies doubly so in the hard sciences where concrete metrics of achievement increase the perceived risk of those who are less confident.

      We are failing young women and it doesn't just hurt them. While men and women are by and large similar, there are biological differences and exceptional individuals who think are certain way are more likely to be female than male. The value of someone who can think outside the box should not be underestimated, and up until now the box is largely drawn out by testosterone junkies. By engineering a system which dissuades women we not only lose out on a significant number of competent individuals undertaking research (a catastrophe in and of itself), but we lose out on those outliers whose drastically different modes of thought might spur important breakthroughs.

      We NEED more women in the hard sciences. But quotas will just guarantee mediocrity at best, and at worst they we do more harm than good. Fixing the culture of academia will cost money. Money to pay for job security. Money to pay for an image change. Money to ensure the hard sciences are more cooperative and social. Money to pay higher wages.

      But why fix a problem when you can pretend to on the cheap?

      • by Thiez ( 1281866 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:55PM (#24205809)

        > The value of someone who can think outside the box should not be underestimated, and up until now the box is largely drawn out by testosterone junkies.

        So you suggest replacing people who are not afraid of taking risks by people who are adverse to risk, in the hope that the latter will think (more) out of the box while the former won't?

        > By engineering a system which dissuades women

        Yes obviously the system is the way it is because a woman-hater engineered it that way.

        > we not only lose out on a significant number of competent individuals undertaking research (a
        catastrophe in and of itself)

        A shame, but if working in science means these people won't be working in another field, that's a catastrophe for that other field, right? It's no use talking about what could have been, and 'potential' losses.

        > but we lose out on those outliers whose drastically different modes of thought might spur important breakthroughs.

        Ah, our new drastical different risk-adverse overlords. Science has been fine for the past 100 years with a very low number of females, and it will be fine for another 100 years without changing this.

        Don't get me wrong I'm all for more women in science (I'm doing comp sci and my year has about 50 guys and 1 girl), but I disagree with your arguments.

    • by Original Replica ( 908688 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:05PM (#24205179) Journal
      Law, psychology, education, journalism, etc. are dominated by women. Should we expect to see male quotas there?

      Don't forget about parenting. Thanks to most Fathers a pushed away from having as strong relationships with their children as mothers are by being made to feel incompetent as a parent. [about.com] Of course this is just accepted and even flaunted in our culture these days, we went from having TV shows about "Father Knows Best" to having every sitcom dad being a likable but incompetent bumbler who is always saved from his parental ineptitude by the always correct super mom. Imagine the public outcry there were a movie released that took the treatment that "Kindergarten Cop" or "Three Men and a Baby" gave to men's ability to be parents and applied it to women's ability to be scientists.
    • by MacTO ( 1161105 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:51PM (#24205763)

      While not quotas per se, as a male it is possible to be a subject to affirmative action. The lack of male elementary school teachers is of such grave concern to some people that it is a natural consequence. It is a grave concern because about 1 in 5 elementary school teachers are male, and there are worries that the lack of male role models is disengaging young boys from the education system. That being said, inspite of action through school boards and professional bodies, men often fail to find work at the lower grades. Parents and principals keep them out.

      That being said, it is the exception rather than the rule and I have seen feminists argue agressively against it because men have much better opportunities in society and don't deserve a hand up in the parts of society that they have been forced out of due to active discrimination. I wonder if they realise that more qualified men in education means more space for qualified women in other fields.

  • by Krneki ( 1192201 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:51PM (#24203977)
    Now they will actually see some girls.
  • by QuantumG ( 50515 ) * <qg@biodome.org> on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:51PM (#24203991) Homepage Journal

    Why is this so terrible to admit? It's obvious to everyone, yet all these PC jerks want to deny it.

    • by Jherek Carnelian ( 831679 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:00PM (#24204119)

      Why is this so terrible to admit? It's obvious to everyone, yet all these PC jerks want to deny it.

      Trouble is, you are confusing the end result with the root cause.

      What these "PC jerks" believe is that women and men are socially conditioned to have different interests -- in other words, it just ain't natural. The concern is that the social conditioning is detrimental. That stereotypical "women's interests" are less valued and thus less rewarding than stereotypical "men's interests."

      • by betterunixthanunix ( 980855 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:03PM (#24204185)
        So? That still means they have different interests. If the reason for that is that women are encouraged to be interested in non-scientific fields, fine, you can address that issue all you want. Forcing women into science if they are not interested, or keeping men out because of a need to meet quotas for female enrollment, doesn't suddenly cause women to be interested in those fields.

        Honestly, why is that so hard to admit?
      • by vga_init ( 589198 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:23PM (#24204457) Journal

        That stereotypical "women's interests" are less valued and thus less rewarding than stereotypical "men's interests."

        Personally I always thought of it as the other way around. Culture didn't force women to have less valuable interests, but rather it took interests that women already had and devalued them socially. So now you have a bunch of people running around and freaking out trying to force all of society into a "superior" masculine role.

        In a male dominated society, of course you'd expect a widespread belief that male interests and are superior and therefore "more rewarding" and "valuable". So as you see, these gender quotas are just symptoms of a very deep rooted form of misogyny that is so pervasive that even women buy into it.

    • by flanksteak ( 69032 ) * on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:01PM (#24204145) Homepage
      Agreed. There are fewer women in science and technology not because they lack the ability, but because they lack the interest. This is not a bad thing, but too often it gets interpreted as an issue of perceived inferiority.
    • by segfaultcoredump ( 226031 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:10PM (#24204293)

      The best article written about this was by Philip Greenspun (MIT Prof) at http://philip.greenspun.com/careers/women-in-science [greenspun.com]

      The best quote from the article was this: "I've taught a fair number of women students in electrical engineering and computer science classes over the years. I can give you a list of the ones who had the best heads on their shoulders and were the most thoughtful about planning out the rest of their lives. Their names are on files in my "medical school recommendations" directory."

  • by 91degrees ( 207121 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:53PM (#24204015) Journal
    Why do we want women in sciences and engineering?

    Why is there not so strong a push to get more male nurses and primary school teachers? Or even publishing?

    Is it because these are seen as female professions and therefore less worthy?
    • by fermion ( 181285 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:05PM (#24205177) Homepage Journal
      As a matter of fact there is push to get more balance in all professions. This is how we make sure to get the best person for each job, and make sure that we can continue to compete. Saying that half the population is not qualified for a particular job is the same as saying we will no longer compete in the global economy. True, many people want that, want to become isolationist, and want Walmart to no longer exist and want us to have to pay 50% more for common goods and services. While I don't disagree with this, I understand that it may not be the best way to go, and a rational capitalism may be better.

      So, if we are going to open the professions to everyone, then we have to deal with the genuine childhood and adolescent issues that exist in many schools. One of these is a balance of male and female in primary education. But a bigger issue is the kind of anecdotal assumptions that litter every discussion, even here on /. where we are supposable educated and logical. In reality much of it has not to do with ability, but social expectations. For example, a girl can go through a pre-engineering program in high school and go to college or get a well paying job right of out school, and, if she likes, open a consultancy a few years later. This does not happen because social exceptions, her peer group, requires her to take cosmetology, or the like, which is seldom rigorous enough to prepare for college classes. Nothing wrong with that. It is her choice, but it seems like the choice is often made on false assumptions. Likewise a guy may blow off all the science classes and graduate with a bad GPA because he just figures he will work construction. Again, nothing wrong with that, except, again that is might be made under false assumptions.

      In both these cases what is happening is that kids are closing the doors to future opportunities at a very young age, perhaps 12. In my experience it is much easier to go to college, give up, and become a cosmetologist, that it is to not take college prep classes, work in as a cosmetologist, and then go back to college and become, for instance, a cosmologist. Likewise, during these boom times we think the construction jobs are never going to end. But they will, and how hard is going to be to learn at 30 what should have been learned at 15. Might it have been easier for the guy to, for instance, become a nurse at 22, and start earning nurses salary immediately? We see the same thing with athletes of both genders. The expected average salary of athlete, integrated over all candidates over the average earning lifetime, is likely no more than 15K a year, not much better than minimum wage. Yet the social pressures push kids to these dead end professions.

      So, outside of rampant capitalism, why do we care. Because by saying that equality is important, we, in some small way negate the social pressures so that boy might get his science scores high enough so that he may become a nurse, if he can compete with the women. This of course is why so many people are adamantly opposed to such quotas. Because if that girl does get her act together in high school, and completes all her coursework through college, then she will get that engineering job, and the less qualified man will not. And many see that as unfair. It is much easier to funnel most of the talented motivated girls to teaching and nursing, so that we have these protected highly paid occupations like engineering where incompetent men, many who, from my experience, cannot even put a fuse in correctly, can make enough money to fulfill the societal necessary role as head of the household, i.e. wear the pants.

      And if you didn't catch my little side remark there, teaching and nursing requires some kick butt above average education, especially nursing, which is why they get paid the bucks.

  • by Actually, I do RTFA ( 1058596 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:53PM (#24204019)

    Opponents of this plan, including many women in scientific fields, say implementing sex-based quotas will actually be detrimental because it will communicate that the women can't compete on even terms with men and will be 'devastating' to the quality of science 'if every male-dominated field has to be calibrated to women's level of interest.'"

    So they object because a) It will make it seem that women need a leg up, and b) they'll have to dumb down science to give women a leg up. I don't particularly believe the second, but if it is true, that would mean the first is just an accurate appraisal of reality.

    • by Otter ( 3800 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:16PM (#24204357) Journal
      The concern isn't that research groups will have to "dumb down science to give women a leg up". It's that given the reality of few female candidates in certain fields, they'll have to be unselective about which ones they take in order to meet a quota. It doesn't mean that women are incapable of meeting the standards.
  • This is ridiculous (Score:5, Insightful)

    by lyml ( 1200795 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:54PM (#24204029)
    The scientific process is unbiased towards either gender. Requesting change in that for the sake of statistics is actually negative to equality.

    The only way to achieve true equality between genders is to treat them the same.

    • by langelgjm ( 860756 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:24PM (#24204495) Journal

      The scientific process is unbiased towards either gender.

      Yes and no. The thing is, there's no objective "scientific process" out there. Science is what scientists, as people, do. And people in general can quite easily be biased, in any number of ways. The hypotheses which one formulates and chooses to test, the explanations one chooses to describe a certain behavior - those did not come out of an objective vacuum.

      On the other hand, there's certainly a realm of things out there in the world that are just as amenable to women testing and experimenting with them as to men.

      For a brief overview, see Wikipedia's section on the philosophy and sociology of science in the Scientific Method [wikipedia.org] article.

      The only way to achieve true equality between genders is to treat them the same.

      I'm not so sure about that. Maybe if everyone had treated everyone else the same from day one, that would work. But so much water is already under the bridge. Could you say the same thing about race? Ideally, it would have been nice to simply go from segregation and Jim Crow laws to treating blacks and whites the same (assuming that were possible). But that ignores what had happened to blacks in the past - what kind of education did they receive in the 'separate but equal' schools? How well will they compete in social structures that only served whites for so long? I think those are all important things to consider, and that it's simplistic to simply say "start treating everyone the same."

    • by digitrev ( 989335 ) <digitrev@hotmail.com> on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:29PM (#24204561) Homepage
      THANK YOU! Finally, someone with their head on their shoulders. If you treat people differently, and that includes giving someone who had parents who were unfairly discriminated against yesterday an advantage today, then you have eroded the purpose of equality. Note that I use the term unfairly. As far as I'm concerned, the only fair discrimination is how well you're going to do your job. If you can't do your job, that is fair discrimination and you deserve to get your ass fired. Treat people based on merit, not on anything else. Setting up female quotas is sexist. Setting up race quotas is racist. Just because it's nice to the guy who got bullied does not make it any less racist.
  • How about (Score:5, Insightful)

    by BigJClark ( 1226554 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:54PM (#24204031)

    How about putting those in positions who have earned them, regardless of age, sex or race, instead of mandating a certain ratio. If anything, the mandated ratio will foster more discrimination because of the perceived view that they "didn't earn it".
  • Except... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by snl2587 ( 1177409 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:55PM (#24204041)
    Since the interest isn't equal, this could conceivably deny young men education in science simply because there weren't enough women to match. Oh well, not like much of our lawmakers care about science education anyway...
  • by Chicken_Kickers ( 1062164 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:55PM (#24204047)
    In Malaysia (a Muslim country), most public universities have more female students than male students. In my Biotechnology Faculty, the ratio of women to men is like 3:1 as in the other science faculties. In fact, my university has been jokingly renamed the Women's University of Malaysia. About the only bastion of male majority left is engineering, and even then the numbers are almost equal.
  • by roc97007 ( 608802 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:57PM (#24204079) Journal

    We must force women to enter careers in hard sciences and engineering.

  • by Itninja ( 937614 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @05:58PM (#24204099) Homepage
    This being the modern, alternate-lifestyle tolerating, 'don't judge anyone' time we live in....will undeniable evidence be required to prove one is female? Will applications need to drop trow (or lift skirt) to allow the scientific community to prove the theory that one is actually a woman?
  • As a female (Score:5, Interesting)

    by HumanoidCarbonUnit ( 1193441 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:01PM (#24204151)
    As a woman looking to go into a science/engineering field I have to say that this is just a stupid idea. To be honest a quota would have the chance of making me NOT want to go into the field because I would have to deal with people thinking that I couldn't have gotten in if there had been no quota to fill. And yes I really am a woman. I really am.
    • by Bucc5062 ( 856482 ) <bucc5062@gmai l . c om> on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:16PM (#24204361)

      And yes I really am a woman. I really am

      Outrageous claims are made on /. every day. Given the demographics of this site, you will have do to more the words. To borrow from Shakespeare, me thinks the carbonunit doth protest to much...however, on the off chance I may be wrong, I am a mature minded nerd with actual outside interests besides computers. Now tell us all you have a husband or boyfriend otherwise I'd like to finally claim first post!

  • Bad Idea (Score:5, Insightful)

    by SpcCowboy ( 1303133 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:02PM (#24204157)
    Quotas are never a good idea. They spawn resentment from those being left out and imply that those in need of a quota wouldn't be good enough to get in without it. Equality is giving everyone a fair and equal opportunity. Besides, this does nothing to fix the fundamental problem: there are fewer women because they are less interested. If the government wants to start a program to get more women into science and engineering fields, it should be aimed at young kids. Get elementary, middle and high school girls excited about going into these fields and the numbers will grow.
    • Re:Bad Idea (Score:5, Insightful)

      by XanC ( 644172 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:06PM (#24204211)

      If the government wants to start a program to get more women into science and engineering fields, it should be aimed at young kids.

      Okay, but why should it do that? How about presenting kids with a wide range of options for what to do with their lives, and let them decide what's interesting?

      I think that's pretty close to what we're doing now, and if that means there aren't many women in engineering, then that's the way it is.

    • Re:Bad Idea (Score:4, Insightful)

      by ScentCone ( 795499 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:28PM (#24204543)
      Besides, this does nothing to fix the fundamental problem: there are fewer women because they are less interested

      The problem is that you're referring to it as a problem. Why is it a problem that people with substantial genetic differences have different urges and inclinations when it comes to how they want to spend their time? Equality of opportunity is not, and should not be equality of results. Otherwise we'd have to make sure that some very smart people are also assigned ditch digging jobs, just that everything shakes out fairly. You know, quotas. Excellent idea. This, right here, is what your Nancy-Pelosi-Run-Congress is spending time working on? With all of the real stuff that we need to worry about?
  • by El_Muerte_TDS ( 592157 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:03PM (#24204177) Homepage

    50% women; 50% men?

  • Comment removed (Score:5, Insightful)

    by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:06PM (#24204217)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • by sokoban ( 142301 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:07PM (#24204227) Homepage

    Guys can have a child while doing research, but it is much more difficult for women. Pregnancy can mean that you have to stop doing certain types of research or it may just interfere with your ability to be competitive in your field. Putting off childbearing until after getting a PhD and postdoc will put most women firmly into their thirties when they have children, at which time birth defects and complications become more prevalent.

    Some professors don't like women in their labs for this very reason. By the time a woman has completed her research, if she has had a child in that time frame, someone else may have already published it.

    Science is competitive, and women are often at a disadvantage.

    • by bugs2squash ( 1132591 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:15PM (#24204341)
      Undoubtedly the late stages of pregnancy and the early stages of Motherhood are challenging, but we are talking about a few months.

      I don't think that motherhood alone is a serious barrier to getting a PhD.

      The challenges of getting good childcare, and having sufficiently supportive male partners - now we're talking...

      Oh - but implementing social programs would cost money - but enforcing quotas is "free"
  • So (Score:5, Interesting)

    by PieSquared ( 867490 ) <isosceles2006&gmail,com> on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:11PM (#24204297)

    So where do I go to demand that there are equal numbers of male and female babysitters, maids, nurses, and elementary school teachers? And can someone remind me what the ratio of men to women in congress is?

    In short: stupid idea. If women don't *want* to be scientists and engineers, fix it in schools by encouraging them to try it and doing your best to encourage the removal of the societal bias against it. Allowing minorities and women who are *less* qualified then white males to get jobs just to fulfill a quota is one thing that *will* reduce the quality of our science and engineering.

    If you want to remove bias in hiring scientists and engineers, at require that the person who makes the decision to grant interviews not see any information that could identify a person's sex or race, including the name. Then, if you must, require that the interviewer match the interviewee in sex and race and if the interviewer isn't given the authority to decide who gets hired, again remove any identifying information from the report before it goes to the person who does make the decision.

    That's a nice, scientific way to reduce (not eliminate... women and minorities can still be biased against other women and minorities) bias without hurting the final product. I mean, what would you do in the proposed bill if you only got 10 female and 90 male applications to fill 30 spots? Pick women off the street and try to make them do someone else's job?

  • by Cordath ( 581672 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:11PM (#24204309)
    Many organizations that try to encourage women to enter the physical sciences and engineering tend to generate a lot of extra work for women who are already in those fields. They expect these women to drop what they're doing and sit on committees, speak to high school crowds, participate in a disproportionate number of peer reviews for other women (to keep panel sex ratios "fair"), etc.. The list goes on.

    These women, having "made it" themselves, often don't feel that sexual discrimination is still a significant issue in their field. However, they still feel pressured to participate lest they be labeled "anti-feminist". I wouldn't be surprised if some women who have had success in the physical sciences have, when possible, fled to a less male-dominated field just to lighten their workloads.

    While it's certainly a good thing to ensure that there is a level playing field in male dominated fields, some of these organizations really ought to back off and let women in science and engineering concentrate on their work instead of wasting their time and holding them back with nonsense. Make no mistake, if you saddle a woman with 20+ hours/week of extra duties just because she's a woman, you're no better than the "evil oppressing misogynists" you think you're fighting.
  • by tlambert ( 566799 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:14PM (#24204327)

    I say we put quotas on Congress, first; talk about your "boys clubs"...

    Why don't they get their own house in order?

    -- Terry

  • by B3ryllium ( 571199 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:18PM (#24204403) Homepage

    Where is the push for sex quotas in space? Where is the push for the space-based study of elderly people with dentures giving oral sex in microgravity?!?

    Spacecorps Directives be damned!

  • by Sans_A_Cause ( 446229 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:31PM (#24204599)

    I've been on several search committees at a state university for faculty positions in a chemistry department. We are actively _trying_ to get women faculty, but last time around I don't think we even got one female applicant...certainly not a domestic (USA) female applicant.

    In the search prior to that, we had one qualified female applicant. We offered her the position, and she turned it down. We moved to the next most qualified candidate, who was male.

    I have no idea how we'd handle a quota. Just pick someone off the street and say to her "okay, you're a chemistry professor. We need to keep our federal funding."?

  • Wrong answer (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Mutatis Mutandis ( 921530 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:32PM (#24204617)

    I can't speak for the engineers, but I think a reasonable case could be made that scientific careers are indeed poorly accessible for women. Because they are, generally speaking, not very family friendly: The standard assumption is that young scientists are willing to work long and irregular hours for modest pay and put up with a long series of short-term funding and temporary contracts. Scientific careers are high-effort, high-risk, and even many men feel that this kind of work culture is not very compatible with family life and responsible behaviour towards their children, and abandon academic research for industry jobs.

    However, instituting quota for women seems to be very much the wrong answer, and one that is likely to be treated with some contempt by female scientists. However, call me a cynic, I doubt Congress really cares about that. Female scientists are not a large voting block. And the lawyers who dominate the political professions are, in the depths of their soul, probably not convinced that science really matters that much. (Well, certainly not as much as lawyering.) Defining quota seems a typically lawyerly answer to me.

    Besides, in the case of the USA, the country doesn't just have a shortage of female scientists but plainly a shortage of scientists, albeit one that is much alleviated by immigration. The real answer is in making scientific careers more attractive. The reason why Congress is not considering this is not difficult to figure out: It would cost money, if only a modest amount, and any results would only be visible after they have left office.

  • by dkleinsc ( 563838 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:43PM (#24204789) Homepage

    A big piece of the article was pointing out that women in science don't particularly want this, organizations teaching science don't want this, and men in science don't want this. The institutions involved are filling out the paperwork but definitely aren't interested in suddenly making 50% of all science graduates women.

    And the article also made the appropriate comparison with the field of psychology, which is now something like 70% female (similar disparities exist in education, particularly primary education).

  • by Scudsucker ( 17617 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:45PM (#24204829) Homepage Journal

    If universities are forced to ensure that the gender of athletes is proportional to the rates of enrollment, regardless of actual interest, then I don't see why they shouldn't have Men's Studies programs to mirror Women's Studies, regardless of actual interest.

    This is because feminism was never actually about equality, but improving the social status of women. Nothing wrong with that in and of itself - I don't see why the NAACP should take it upon itself to stick up for Latinos, for example. Whereas the goal of feminism is gender equality, but is really only about improving things for women.

    Take the suffragist movement, for example. It was started [wikipedia.org] at a convention in 1848, finally succeeding on a national scale with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Know what else happened in that time? The Civil War and World War I. Note that suffragists didn't demand the right to be drafted with the right to vote. Ditto that for WWII, the Korean War, and Vietnam. Hmm.

    Today, breast cancer research receives far [nytimes.com] more money than prostate cancer research, even though prostate cancer kills about as many men as breast cancer kills women. Many states have an Office of Women's Health, but only New Hampshire has an Office of Men's Health - and it had to start without any funding.

    Men are far and away the #1 victim of assaults and murders and make up at least 40% [california...awblog.com] of domestic violence victims, yet Congress passes a Violence Against Women Act.

    But back to school - yes, the vast majority of PhD's are men - but men also round out the bottom of the scale with the most mental disabilities. And if these people were really concerned about equity, they'd be doing something about the 60/40 female/male disparity in overall enrollment.

    Which isn't to say that women haven't gotten a raw deal, the point is that men have too. Feminism needs to go away, and be replaced with straight up egalitarianism.

  • Cold Hard Facts (Score:5, Interesting)

    by bradgoodman ( 964302 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @06:45PM (#24204845) Homepage
    As a former owner of a engineering/high-tech company, I've been involved with recruiting. In doing so, I have been involved with the entire process from A-to-Z - meaning that if I posed an newspaper add, for example (going back a few years) - no one pre-screened the resumes or candidates before me.

    My findings are that why yes, we hired much much much fewer women than men. Is it because we were sexist? No. Is it because they were all underqualified, or even less qualified? No.

    The cold-hard fact was that only about 10% of the applicants were women. Interestingly enough, (or maybe not), most of these were not native U.S. citizens, but mostly Chinese or Indian women who had come to study in the U.S.

    While I am being a "racist" - I might throw in that we never, in our existance as a company, have ever hired a black person.

    Was it because they were underqualified, etc. etc. etc.? Again, no.

    In my entire career, I have only ever interviewed a single black applicant for an engineering position. (BTW - We actually made this person a good offer, which they accepted, but their existing employer countered it and we lost them.)

    My point is that there are less "women and minorities" hired into these positions becasue there are far far far less candidates - not because of any discrimination.

    Does discrimination exist in the world? Sure, it does - but to be honest, in the competitive nature of the companies I've been at - and the difficulty in hiring good candidates - I don't think anyone would care if the candidate was a green transsexual with three eyes - if they were a solid candidate - they'd be hired on those grounds.

    I've also worked for "Women Owned" companies. This is something that the feds have set up - If your company is at least 51% "woman owned or run" (or minority owned and run) - then you get preferential treatment in dealing with the Feds, and contractors that do business with the Feds. (Like they have to do business with a certain quota of these companies). In my experience, these all have been a smoke-and-mirrors game - Whitey giving his ol' lady a business card that says "CEO" on it, to try and drum up some more business, etc. etc. etc.

    Certain people are drawn to certain professions - and that's an individual decision, and there probably is some biological basis in the Men vs. Women thing. Like people have pointed out, should we mandate quotas that H.R. people and Flight Attendents be a certain percent male too?

    Now as the "Minorities" go - let's cut to the chase. By "Miniories", we're only talking about certian "Minorities". We're talking about blacks, hispanics, eskimos, Native Americans - and I'm sure some others - but we are NOT talking about Indians, Chinese, or Australians for that matter.

    If Congress really wanted to even-out the playing field - they'd be investing money into inner-city schools - like a mile a way from them in DC - which are literally falling apart - and more like prisons than schools. Turn these into places that foster excitement in learning, science and engineering, and are an oasis inside these inner-city slum areas - and you'll see those kids go off to college and become candidates.

    Short of doing that - nothing else will ever work. You can give them a billion dollars in college grant money - but if their schools are gang, crime and filth ridden places where they just get locked-up for a few hours a day - then no quota system on the place of the planet will ever balance that out.

    • Re:Cold Hard Facts (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Em Ellel ( 523581 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:33PM (#24205533)

      If Congress really wanted to even-out the playing field - they'd be investing money into inner-city schools - like a mile a way from them in DC - which are literally falling apart - and more like prisons than schools. Turn these into places that foster excitement in learning, science and engineering, and are an oasis inside these inner-city slum areas - and you'll see those kids go off to college and become candidates.

      Short of doing that - nothing else will ever work. You can give them a billion dollars in college grant money - but if their schools are gang, crime and filth ridden places where they just get locked-up for a few hours a day - then no quota system on the place of the planet will ever balance that out.

      Amen to that. I have to say people only look at the situation in the "present" and say, well the ratios are not right, it must be discrimination! People are not willing to deal with the fact that this "discrimination", no matter where it was originated, now deeply rooted in the people's own cultures. But its much easier to pretend to "fix" things via quotas than to say you want to change other people's culture. And thus oppressed become their own oppressors and with all the talk about "equal rights" - no one is actually willing to touch the real problem with a 10 foot pole.

      -Em

  • UK Medicine (Score:5, Insightful)

    by nick_davison ( 217681 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @07:35PM (#24205559)

    Here's how the genius program worked with regard to university places to study medicine in the UK...

    University recruitment was non gender biased. It was simply a case of less women had the grades in hard sciences and the interest to apply than men did.

    The universities got quotas.

    With admissions largely based on grades, the only way to get the number of women up was to lower the requirements for women. Typically an A average for men became a B average for women.

    Except then they had less able female students failing out of their courses at a much higher rate than more able men.

    So they lowered the grade requirements through the whole course. If 90% was an A for a male student, 80% was good enough for a female to get an A.

    Universities achieved their directive of educating as many females as males.

    And then no one wanted to hire female doctors because they knew an "A" was much easier for women to achieve and thus they were less likely to be as well qualified as a male with a slightly lower grade.

    This ended up screwing the bright female doctors. The ones who could get that same A grade entry, who kept getting 90%+, now had the same "A" that was considered worthless as the ones who got in on Bs and kept making 80%. Thus the bright female doctors got tarred by the same denial based system.

    If you want to fix a problem, you have to fix it from the ground up. Don't ever lower entry and passing requirements for any subset. If you're finding out a subset don't apply as much and don't do as well, figure out what the root of that is and fix it.

    Don't let women slack their way through science degrees and give them a meaningless certificate. Find out why science doesn't appeal to girls much earlier in their academic lives and challenge that.

    Don't give half price admission to universities to someone because of their skin color. Look at what the roots of that skin color not getting to university really are. If a disproportionate number are failing because they're disproportionately coming from lower income areas and schools in those areas don't turn them out at the same levels as schools in good areas... address those schools. If the root cause goes deeper, look deeper. If their community doesn't value education, look at how to change that perception, rather than making a blanket racial based change way down the line.

    As an aside, why do these programs always seem to only go one way? No one suggests nursing should have quotas to force the schools to lower entry requirements for males... it's accepted that more men aren't interested for reasons that kick in far earlier in life. Yet, if women aren't interested in a science degree... that's something that has to be forced on schools.

    If you're really stupid enough to slap a quota based bandaid on a problem, rather than addressing underlying causes, at least be consistent enough to apply it to all course types. That's at least more consistent than just picking one minority (though, technically, there are slightly more women than men) that you feel is underserved and making the situation even more discriminatory, just in new ways.

  • by walterbyrd ( 182728 ) on Tuesday July 15, 2008 @09:17PM (#24206647)

    The less qualified are pushed ahead of the more qualified, just because of gender. How is this not the brazen form of discrimination?

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