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White House Tape Recycling Possibly Erased Emails

Posted by Soulskill on Fri Jan 18, 2008 02:27 AM
from the gee-thats-a-shame dept.
Pojut points us to a Washington Post story which details the White House's admission that it routinely recycled backup tapes from 2001 to 2003, possibly destroying e-mail records from that time period. While the tapes are being analyzed to determine if any of the data can be recovered, the White House also indicated that some e-mail through 2005 may not have been preserved. We discussed the beginnings of this investigation a few months ago. From the Post: "During the period in question, the Bush presidency faced some of its biggest controversies, including the Iraq war, the leak of former CIA officer Valerie Plame Wilson's name and the CIA's destruction of interrogation videotapes. White House spokesman Tony Fratto said he has no reason to believe any e-mails were deliberately destroyed."
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[+] Your Rights Online: White House Ordered to Preserve All Email 259 comments
Verunks writes "A federal judge Monday ordered the White House to preserve copies of all its e-mails in response to two lawsuits that seek to determine whether e-mails have been destroyed in violation of federal law. The issue surfaced in the leak probe of administration officials who disclosed Valerie Plame's CIA identity. ' The Federal Records Act details strict standards prohibiting the destruction of government documents including electronic messages, unless first approved by the archivist of the United States. Justice Department lawyers had urged the courts to accept a proposed White House declaration promising to preserve all backup tapes. The judge's order "should stop any future destruction of e-mails, but the White House stopped archiving its e-mail in 2003 and we don't know if some backup tapes for those e-mails were already taped over before we went to court. It's a mystery," said Meredith Fuchs, a lawyer for the National Security Archive.'"
[+] Your Rights Online: White House Must Answer For Missing Emails 256 comments
Lucas123 writes "A District Court judge this week ruled in favor of a Washington-based watchdog group, allowing them to question White House officials about missing emails involving controversial issues. The subjects include the release of the identity of a former CIA operative, the reasons for launching the war in Iraq and actions by the US Department of Justice. The group had filed suit [PDF] last May against the White House Office of Administration, seeking access to White House email under the federal Freedom of Information Act. The discovery ruling is bringing to light issues of email retention in businesses and other private organizations. We've previously discussed the White House's difficulties with email."
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  • Wait (Score:5, Funny)

    by ShakaUVM (157947) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:29AM (#22090494) Homepage Journal
    Wait, I keep forgetting: Is recycling a good thing?
    • Re:Wait (Score:5, Interesting)

      by someone1234 (830754) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:33AM (#22090510)
      What's good for someone is bad for someone else.
      This tape recycling is definitely good for someone.
      • Re:Wait (Score:5, Informative)

        by vought (160908) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:01AM (#22090600)
        Article Title:

        White House Tape Recycling Possibly Erased Emails
        Real-world:

        White House Tape Recycling Erased Emails

        There. Fixed that for you.

        Never attribute to malice what can be explained by simple stupidity....except when it comes to the Bush White House.
        • Re:Wait (Score:5, Interesting)

          by hey! (33014) on Friday January 18 2008, @07:47AM (#22091746) Homepage Journal
          It's beyond stupidity to think that reusing backup tapes is OK in a situation like this.

          Seriously, anybody who is involved with system administration for an organization like the White House understands the implications of not having archival backups of everything. There is zero chance that somebody did this as an economy measure. The practice of doing questionable White House business using RNC controlled email accounts indicates that people in the administration are very conscious of hiding records of what they do.

          So, somebody made a policy decision to destroy archival backups, and cover their tracks by making it look like they're economizing on tapes and storage. The only question was whether that decision was meant to cover their tracks in specific instances, in which case we have obstruction of justice, or whether it was meant to cover a multitude of unspecified sins they might commit, in which case we have an intentional breaking of records retention laws.

          In either case, at a minimum any person who physically took an existing backup and destroyed it by overwriting it has committed a crime. Everybody on the chain up from them who knew about it also committed a crime. The person or persons who set up the procedure committed at least one crime, and possibly multiple instances of obstruction of justice on top of that.

          The only reason this is not a huge deal is that the administration is so completely and unabashedly lawless that they've convinced a lot of people^H^H^H^H^H^Hsheep that accepting this is not only normal but patriotic. It's like the Big Lie: you can't refute them because they have a ready answer to any refutation. They make everything personal. It doesn't matter how true what you say is, your saying it means you are unpatriotic. There's only one way to deal with people like this: you remove them from power. You can't talk them out of what they are doing. You can't debate them out of their positions. You have to take action, which is risky to you.

          After 2006, Congress could have done something by bringing investigations to the point where impeachment would work. They didn't, and it's not going to be politically possible now. So, we have to wait out the term and sort through whatever evidence they leave behind.
          • In fact (Score:4, Insightful)

            by WindBourne (631190) on Friday January 18 2008, @08:39AM (#22092084) Journal
            The other person who is lying here is Theresa Payton, the WH CIO. She claimed that she did not understand that these were archive tapes. ALL of clinton's email was taped in this fashion. Has been since the internet got commercialized. That means that she changed protocol. She would not have done so unless she was told that it was not an archive (zero chance of that), or she was ordered to do this by someone above her. I suspect that before this is done, she may be found guilty of perjury, conspiracy, and willful destruction of data.
            • And just like Scooter Libby and Gonzalez, the worst that will happen to her is presidential pardon. Yes, she did that under orders, I'm convinced of that. But like a good crone, she will get a pat on the back for taking the fall. Maybe even a cushy job in a lobby agency. But I can guarantee you there will be no jail time whatsoever.
            • Re:Wait (Score:5, Insightful)

              by hey! (33014) on Friday January 18 2008, @08:24AM (#22091964) Homepage Journal

              Not all information being backed up is vital information even in the white house


              True, but irrelevant. You're arguing that the cost of buying and storing tape media exceeds the probability that they'll contain something valuable. I'm saying (a) this is not true and (b) recycling tapes is illegal and everybody involved in this know it.

              You can fit a lot of "Meeting at the Oval Office at 3:00pm" on a 400GB tape, which you can buy for about eighty bucks. If, doing incremental backups, you use one 400GB (native) tape every day, you need fewer than 3000 tapes. This is admittedly a lot of tapes, and will set you back over a quarter of a million dollars. However, those tapes would only take a tiny corner of the Presidential Library, on which maybe one or two hundred million dollars will be spent. It's not unreasonable to spend a quarter of a percent or less of that cost to ensure there is a complete record, which admittedly does contain things like meeting announcements (valuable) and invitations to lunch (maybe not valuable), but also contain things like policy debates.

              Lets keep politics out of it or any irrational hatred of a person and or his policies, and think of it on an IT level here. Emails back in 2003 were considered junk messages. Backups kept were for cases of system crashes so they can restore data as it was left off, and maybe a year or two back in case something was deleted and needed to be retrieved.


              Thinking of it on an IT level, you'd keep everything because (A) it's not that expensive relative to even the historical value and (B) you'd be breaking the law otherwise. You don't blow of Sarbanes-Oxley or HIPAA because it's not convenient. The law says you retain everything, and history says you retain everything. This was a deliberate crime which is only justifiable if you need to cover worse crimes.

              • Re:Wait (Score:5, Insightful)

                by rtb61 (674572) on Friday January 18 2008, @09:29AM (#22092624) Homepage
                You should not consider archival records of government as historic, they should be considered as evidentiary. A legal record of the procedures of government to ensure accountability, and in the event of dispute either provide defence from litigation or as evidence for the prosecution of criminal offences.

                It is clear when an administration destroys evidence of it's actions it is doing so to hide criminal and treasonous activities.

                The person who destroyed those records should be held fully accountable, and as those records could show evidence of treasonous activities so they should be charged with treason, whether or not they testify against the person in the administration who gave orders to destroy a legal record of government activity.

                • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                  You are still thinking like it is 2008 not 2003. (Half a decade ago) Email was still considered a Toy Comunication which was just starting to gain accecptance as vital information.

                  Government email was found to be vital information back in the eighties when the PROFS communications of Oliver North and Adm. Poindexter were found to be valuable evidence in the Iran-Contra affair. To think that in 2003 email was considered a "toy" in the executive branch is just wrong. Here is a good article [findarticles.com] on the topic.

        • by beetle496 (677137) on Friday January 18 2008, @08:26AM (#22091976) Homepage

          Never attribute to malice what can be explained by simple stupidity...
          Any sufficiently advanced incompetence is indistinguishable from malice.
          • by Zeinfeld (263942) on Friday January 18 2008, @07:47AM (#22091742) Homepage
            Well, technically it's the Office of Administration which is speaking here.. but agreed.. the sworn testimony which states that it is 'best practice' to recycle tapes containing archival data is quite astounding. There is at least one attempt to probe this, but accountability doesn't appear to be high on this administrations agenda.

            I spent 18 months working with the EOP on the security of the email system used to send out presidential press releases. The story that this happened by accident is just not credible.

            First the archives, the archives were a pervasive force that was felt throughout the EOP. Every piece of paper, every tape, every scrap of information had to go to the archive. It was a whole cultural thing. And it was clearly a pre-Clinton culture. The people I was working with had been there since Reagan. They never refered to this as a Clinton mandate, it was the law.

            The idea that a tape could be recycled for any purpose was a total departure from the Clinton era culture.

            Second FOIA, was a constant issue.

            Now we could assume that these changes were only due to the goal of 'restoring' executive power that Cheney and other Nixon era accomplices have advanced. Or it could be that they knew they had much criminality to hide.

            I don't think these legal issues are going to go away after Bush leaves office. We are going to see a constant attempt to suppress government papers that implicate Bush in the criminality of his administration.

            • I don't think these legal issues are going to go away after Bush leaves office. We are going to see a constant attempt to suppress government papers that implicate Bush in the criminality of his administration.

              Have we all forgotten Bush's FIRST ACT as President?

              To secure the papers from his father's administration, which were about to become public as mandated by law?

              In their minds - they have every right to TAX us, in order to BRIBE the Telecom (Government Granted) Monopolies, to gather all of our personal
            • Yeah, that attitude clearly explains Clinton administration handling of the Rose Law Firm files.
              Or the following chronology:
              May 22, 1993
              - Judge Richey cites the Clinton White House and the acting Archivist of the United States for contempt of court for failing to carry out his order to issue new and appropriate guidelines for the preservation of the computer records of the Reagan, Bush and Clinton White House staff.

              August 13, 1993
              - The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit vacates Judge
    • Re:Wait (Score:5, Funny)

      by gowen (141411) <gwowen@gmail.com> on Friday January 18 2008, @02:46AM (#22090548) Homepage Journal
      Interesting that the Bush Administration's interest in protecting the environment begins and ends at the point where it enables them to destroy evidence, though. I'm sure the CIA didn't really mean to shred those documents either, but they needed some organic mulch for their sustainable vegetable patch.
  • by jbridges (70118) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:33AM (#22090512)
    Or will everyone just give up on email since everything you ever say must be preserved forever to be used against you.

    Will they all move to Instant Messaging?

    Or maybe go back to handwritten paper mail as the only place to have a frank written conversation.

    • by Adambomb (118938) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:42AM (#22090532) Journal
      The contested [wikipedia.org] Presidential Records Act [wikipedia.org] was to apply to the president and vice president. Not everyone.

      Chill dude.
      • by jbridges (70118) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:53AM (#22090772)
        The same thing is happening anywhere someone can be sued, not just the President.

        Many companies (like Microsoft) are trying to keep email useful by making it company policy that email is not preserved.

        Once you have something that could be preserved... the temptation is powerful to require people to preserve it, and thereby stifle it's use.

        Imagine what will happen once all phone conversations could be preserved. With all calls going over VOIP systems on computers, it's only a matter of time before it happens.

        • I thought it was a simple common sense: if you are doing anything that can be slightly illegal or basis for a lawsuit, discuss them in person. No non-secure phone lines, and definitely nothing that leaves paper/log trails.

          On the other hand, routine deletion of data such as email ... somehow seems very fishy to me: Google can keep lifetime's worth of email for any member of the public at no cost, and yet, these companies don't even have an IT structure to keep a decade's worth of company email? If this is not obstruction of justice and destroying of evidence, I don't know what is. (Although, legally speaking, I think they are safe until they have been served, and even then, what's deleted under the usual "data retention policy" is fine---not that I agree with that particular law.)
        • The same thing is happening anywhere someone can be sued, not just the President.

          Many companies (like Microsoft) are trying to keep email useful by making it company policy that email is not preserved.

          Once you have something that could be preserved... the temptation is powerful to require people to preserve it, and thereby stifle it's use.

          It's called "records retention policy", and it has been around since long before e-mail was common.

          Most big companies have an annual "records retention day", i.e. a records _destruction_ day, where everyone has to destroy stuff and confirm to their supervisor that they are in compliance with company policy. The policy is written to ensure that almost all communications are destroyed as soon as the law allows, and they make no bones about the fact that it's to make sure nothing comes back to bite them when

    • by coaxial (28297) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:17AM (#22090652) Homepage
      When it comes to the government the answer is more often than not, a resounding no. With respect to the presidency and vice presidency, the relevant law is the Presidential Records Act [wikipedia.org]. You must preserve all records, and can only destroy them after consultation with the Archivist of the United States.

      These emails are of evidentiary value, and therefore should have been preserved. Destruction of these records is a federal crime. Not only is it obviously a violation of the PRA, but there is strong evidence that this is destruction of evidence and obstruction of justice. Furthermore, things like this don't happen by rouge low level staffers. Decisions to destroy vital records comes from the highest levels.

      People go to jail for these crimes all the time. Will these people? Hell know, the dems are too spineless to actually bring indictments and begin impeachment proceedings, and so everyone will get off scott free.

      As the saying goes [blogspot.com], "In a democracy, you get the government you deserve."
    • by eebra82 (907996) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:17AM (#22090656) Homepage
      Besides the Presidential Records Act, why shouldn't it be monitored and preserved? Is a president's doings not everyone's business? It's hardly a private conversation as long as it is the plans for a nation and its future.
  • by MichaelSmith (789609) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:33AM (#22090516) Homepage Journal
    They will be lucky if they can get the last thing written to it. There goes with my data. Out with the isopropyl alcohol. Nice clean heads again.
  • by opencity (582224) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:38AM (#22090528) Homepage
    It's longer but that would have been so cool.
    Or if the gap lasted until January 22, 2005.
  • "White House spokesman Tony Fratto also said to keep sucking, he has no reason to believe the Bush Administration intends to cum in America's mouth."
  • by AsciiNaut (630729) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:55AM (#22090584)
    The cock-up theory of history is widely believed. What better way, then, for administrations to circumvent the law and get away with it than by means such as this?

    Plausible incompetence is just as useful a smokescreen as plausible deniability.
  • by secretwhistle (1116881) on Friday January 18 2008, @02:59AM (#22090596)
    I believe that orginally read "...hopefully destroying email records from that time period."
  • by supachupa (823309) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:16AM (#22090646)
    It's a good thing Bush approved the illegal interception of domestic internet traffic. Now they can just ask the NSA for a copy.
      • White House spokesmodel Dana Perrino noted with regret that the White House had switched to Quest during the period of the missing tapes: "They had like an awesome promotional rate!" So unfortunately the traffic was not intercepted. What a coincidence!
  • Implausible (Score:5, Insightful)

    by 1 a bee (817783) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:17AM (#22090654)
    Give me a break.. Lose email? Could this happen at the company you work? Not if it's a company with a half-competent IT staff. To think the White House IT staff is so incompetent that they'd do this by mistake is unthinkable. No, it's not a technical mistake. If it were, White House officials would be running for cover and would hang it on the poor bastard who made the mistake.

    --
    They should subpoena the NSA. Surely *they* have copies..
  • What's in a name? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by TheBearBear (1103771) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:31AM (#22090714)
    Allow me to replace the current adminstration with a different government in this summary.

    Pojut points us to a Washington Post story which details the Kremlin's admission that it routinely recycled backup tapes from 2001 to 2003, possibly destroying e-mail records from that time period. While the tapes are being analyzed to determine if any of the data can be recovered, the Kremlin also indicated that some e-mail through 2005 may not have been preserved. We discussed the beginnings of this investigation a few months ago. From the Post:

    "During the period in question, the Putin administration faced some of its biggest controversies, including the Chechnya war, the assassination of Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya, as well as murder of former KGB officer Alexander Litvenko. Kremlin spokesman Tony "Fat Knuckles" Fratto said he has no reason to believe any e-mails were deliberately destroyed."
  • by EjectButton (618561) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:31AM (#22090716)

    White House spokesman Tony Fratto said he has no reason to believe any e-mails were deliberately destroyed

    Right, they only had the means, the motive, and the opportunity. But we are supposed to believe it was all an accident. Also we are supposed to believe that years worth of email disappears for the White House and no one notices until congress asks for it. Most places I have worked as a sysadmin if everyone's old email disappeared in multi-month/year blocks my phone would be ringing within the hour.
  • by RelliK (4466) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:33AM (#22090722)
    Cause I can summarize the current administration with one word: honest.
  • by ElGanzoLoco (642888) on Friday January 18 2008, @04:25AM (#22090880) Homepage
    Those dirty, scheming, lying, backstabbing bastards are at it again - covering their ass, just in time before the White House changes hands. Blaming it on 'recycling' too - what a nice "fuck you" to Americans... This administration will go down in history as the most egregiously shameful, dishonest, dirty in the history of the United States. I still can't get over the fact that he managed to get elected again after he stole an election, started a war on fake motives, and let his rich friends get richer on the back of troops and taxpayers.
    • by nguy (1207026) on Friday January 18 2008, @05:15AM (#22091012)
      This administration will go down in history as the most egregiously shameful, dishonest, dirty in the history of the United States.

      I wouldn't be so sure; it's been a pretty steady decline over the last half century and it might just continue like that. Even a loser like Bush Sr. looks pretty good compared to his son.
  • by dpbsmith (263124) on Friday January 18 2008, @09:45AM (#22092868) Homepage
    Do we see a pattern here? Not just with this administration, but in general.

    Some authority engages in controversial, borderline activity that might be illegal. It transpires that the activities were recorded (taped, logged, written in memos). Investigator tells entity to save those records. The mills of justice grind slowly. It then transpires that the records have been shredded, deleted, bulk-erased, recycled, whatever.

    Authority's spokeperson smirks*. Everybody knows darn well that the destruction was deliberate, but everybody knows darn well that there's absolutely no way to prove it.

    Nobody even needs to tell subordinates what to do in any detail. In many cases, all that's needed is to do nothing. It takes exceptional action to stop the janitor from emptying the wastebasket, stop the operator from reusing the tapes, whatever.

    In the Boston area there is a controversial school, the Judge Rotenberg Center, which uses electric shocks to train kids with behavioral problems. Recently, a kid at the center who had not done anything disruptive was subjected to a long series of shocks, on the basis of telephoned instructions from a "prank" caller. The shock treatment was taped. State investigator ordered the center to preserve the tapes. Surprise, surprise: they [wikipedia.org]were destroyed. [boston.com] Because, in the opinion of the head of the Institute, the investigation "seemed to be finished."

    I don't think there's a thing to do about this sort of stuff. But I just hope that once, just once, one of the bastards gets taped in the act of ordering the destruction of those tapes, and--

    --destroys that tape too?

    Oh well, never mind.

    *OK, I'm just imagining that smirk.
    • Re:How convenient (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Eternal Vigilance (573501) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:17AM (#22090650)
      There's an old joke that, sadly, is far too applicable here.

      A mobster is on trial for multiple murders. The prosecutor, frustrated he may lose the case because of the ease with which the mobster and his associates lie under oath, finally tries to threaten him on witness stand:

      DA (sternly): "Sir, are you aware of the penalty for perjury in this state?"
      Mobster (smugly): "It's less than the penalty for murder, isn't it?"

      Too bad for us there won't even be a penalty for perjury.


      Stay tuned for another exciting episode of Presidential Idol! Who will be eliminated this week? Call in and vote for your favorite!"
    • Sure. Or someone should hold me or someone on my staff accountable.
    • I have a 5Gb archive of every email (including spam) from 2002. Where do you want me to send it? :)
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      it's a bit different; this is a national government with a pretty herrendous record in just about all aspects of office, including baldface lying and distortions of facts directly to the people over Iraq WMDs, saddam having anything to do with al qaeda, chemical weapons factories, etc etc.

      For the record I do have all my emails archived dating back to before 2000... on a $1 CDROM. "Losing" emails right around the period when the administration were busy lying their pants off about Iraq is pretty damn suspici
    • STFU (Score:5, Insightful)

      by uhlume (597871) on Friday January 18 2008, @03:33AM (#22090726) Homepage
      My failure to retain records of my communications isn't a violation of the Presidential Records Act.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      No - Former President Clinton had to have his backup tapes scanned for word sequences, and it was a running battle to agree on the regular expressions used. Back in those days there were noises about the back-up system, but the problem was only with a FEW tapes.

      Tapes can save OR damn this Presidency. I vote subjecting ALL President Bush's tapes to scrutiny and prove how many times they were recycled - and when.

      In the words of Ronald Reagan: Trust, but verify. Access to history may be lost; there is much e
      • by amRadioHed (463061) on Friday January 18 2008, @06:03AM (#22091210)
        Trust but verify would have been appropriate in 2001. These fuckers are well past the point where any further trust is merited.
          • Nice attempt at the standard neo-con "But Clinton did it!" defense, but the truth is murkier than you make it out to be. From the wiki article on Sandy Berger: [wikipedia.org]

            After a long investigation, the lead prosecutor Noel Hillman, chief of the Justice Department's Public Integrity Section, stated that Berger only removed classified copies of data stored on hard drives stored in the National Archives, and that no original material was destroyed.

            I know facts are utterly unimportant to people like you, and perception is everything, but you could try a little harder than that, it took me all of a minute to debunk.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Let me see your e-mails from 2001-2003. "Let he who is without sin throw the first stone."

      We are all sinners, that doesn't excuse the criminals currently inhabiting the white house.

      I seiously doubt you'll find anything in my email in that time period that compares with colluding with Exon to financially rape the American public, starting a false war, ignoring dire threats of terrorism resulting in a national disaster, or selling the nation to Halliburton wholesale. Of course there may in fact be an emba

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Well, even with Gore winning the popular vote it was fairly close. Quite a few millions of The People did vote for him.

        I'll agree to the 2004 election having some irregularities that could/should have been investigated/punished better, but I'm also pretty confident that a hell of a lot of people voted for him in that election too.

        As for your last comment, remember that your circle of friends and acquitances are a self-selected sample, and not representative of the population at large down there :P None of
        • "Not a great many, but some certainly do."

          It's a huge tragedy that exactly half of mankind have average-and-below IQs.
    • by photomonkey (987563) on Friday January 18 2008, @04:09PM (#22100372)

      That's part of the problem with this Democracy. A turd gets elected (twice) and it's a game of fingerpointing, blaming the other 'team' for everything. This is not football.

      I, as a registered Republican (but not one who has ever even comes close to voting a straight ticket) voted for Bush on the first go-around, and against him on the second.

      The Democrat bastards I helped vote into office on the second go-around appear to be every bit as colluding, impotent and worthless as the last lot of idiots on the other side of the aisle.

      It's ok, though. You don't like the way things are going? Just blame the party you're not a part of (right or wrong) and hang the rest on everyone else. Thou dost protest too much.

      You know, we can keep ourselves busy bitching, or getting out there and doing something about it. The national politicians, almost without exception start their careers at the local and state level. In addition to writing letters to the people currently holding Federal office, be proactive in your state and community to make sure the people presently getting elected at the State and local levels are the kinds of people you might eventually want on the Hill or in the White House.

      Also, get involved with whatever party your a member of, and start actively setting standards and goals at the lowest levels of the party.

      Not many people are happy with this administration, and I'm certainly not either. But every moment spent bitching, complaining and blaming is time detracted from getting out there and making a difference.

      For what it's worth, the current crop of buffoons vying for the White House are nearly imperceptible from the last bunch of idiots. With the possible exception of John Edwards.

      But that's fine. We can just all sit back and treat this like the Super Bowl, throwing popcorn at the TV when our guy wins or loses, and then quite possibly spending the next four years wishing things had gone differently, passing our time with childish infighting.